Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Output Characteristics Based on Solar Irradiance, Temperature, and Humidity Using an IoT Monitoring System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v4i11.726Keywords:
Solar Panel, ESP32, Internet of Things, Light Intensity, Real-Time MonitoringAbstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya, PLTS) represent a renewable energy technology with significant development potential in Indonesia. The performance of solar PV panels is influenced by solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, highlighting the need for a real-time monitoring system. This study aimed to analyze the electrical output characteristics of a 100 Wp monocrystalline solar PV panel using an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system. The system incorporated an ESP32 microcontroller, an INA226 sensor for measuring voltage and current and calculating electrical power, a DHT22 sensor for measuring ambient temperature and relative humidity, and a BH1750 sensor for measuring illuminance. Data were transmitted via Wi-Fi and monitored through the Blynk Console platform. Testing was conducted over three days, from 08:00 to 17:00 Eastern Indonesia Time (WIT), at BPVP Sorong. The results showed a maximum voltage of 20.7 V, a maximum current of 6.9 A, and a maximum power output of 109.7 W. The highest recorded temperature was 48.7°C, while relative humidity reached 84.2%. Reduced light intensity caused by cloud cover and rainfall was associated with decreased electrical output from the solar PV panel. The IoT-based monitoring system successfully collected, transmitted, and displayed measurement data in real time, demonstrating its capability to monitor solar PV output characteristics under varying environmental conditions.
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