The Influence of Collaboration Strategies, Learning Programs, Compliance Activities, and Work Engagement with the Mediation of Individual Performance Achieving Performance of Sharia Units
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46799/adv.v4i10.714Keywords:
Sharia Business Unit, Spin-off, Strategic Collaboration, Learning Program, Compliance Activities, Work Engagement, Individual Performance, Financial PerformanceAbstract
Sharia Business Units (SBUs) in Indonesia face increasing pressure to strengthen organizational readiness and financial performance amid evolving regulatory requirements for institutional separation. This study examined the relationships between strategic collaboration, learning programs, compliance activities, work engagement, and financial performance, with individual performance serving as a mediating variable. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, combining a questionnaire survey of 215 employees from Indonesian SBUs with semi-structured interviews involving six purposively selected informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4, while qualitative interview data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 15. The results revealed that strategic collaboration, learning programs, and compliance activities were significantly and positively associated with individual performance, with learning programs demonstrating the strongest relationship (? = 0.502). Individual performance was significantly associated with financial performance (? = 0.394) and mediated the relationships between these three organizational factors and financial performance. Work engagement also exhibited a significant direct association with financial performance. The structural model explained 54.2% of the variance in individual performance and 56.9% of the variance in financial performance. Qualitative findings highlighted the importance of effective governance, employee competencies, and resource sharing with parent banks in supporting organizational performance. Overall, the findings suggested that sustainable financial performance and institutional readiness among SBUs depend on continuous employee development, strategic collaboration, and consistent compliance with Sharia principles, supported by improved individual performance and effective alignment with parent-bank resources.
References
Abimanyu, A., & At Tamimi, R. A. (2024). Should Islamic window be converted into a full-fledge Islamic bank? A case study in Indonesia. Etikonomi, 23(1), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.35082
Al Arif, M. N. R., Mufraini, M. A., & Prabowo, M. A. (2020). Market structure, spin-off, and efficiency: Evidence from Indonesian Islamic banking industry. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(2), 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1553162
Antonio, M. S. (2001). Bank syariah: Dari teori ke praktik. Gema Insani.
Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Addison-Wesley.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209–223.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job demands-resources theory: Ten years later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(2), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Stone, M. M. (2015). Designing and implementing cross-sector collaborations: Needed and challenging. Public Administration Review, 75(5), 647–663.
Carmeli, A., & Gittell, J. H. (2009). High-quality relationships, psychological safety, and learning from failures in work organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(6), 709–729.
Chapra, M. U. (2000). The future of economics: An Islamic perspective. The Islamic Foundation.
?ihák, M., & Hesse, H. (2010). Islamic banks and financial stability: An empirical analysis. Journal of Financial Services Research, 38(2–3), 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-010-0089-0
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W., & White, R. E. (1999). An organizational learning framework: From intuition to institution. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 522–537.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
Dusuki, A. W., & Abdullah, N. I. (2007). Maqasid al-Shari’ah, maslahah, and corporate social responsibility. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 24(1), 25–45.
Ferreira, J., Coelho, A., & Moutinho, L. (2020). Dynamic capabilities, creativity and innovation capability and their impact on competitive advantage and firm performance: The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Technovation, 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.11.004
Fielnanda, R., Amalia, E., & Hidayah, N. (2024). The role of sharia governance in fostering customer loyalty and trust in Indonesian Islamic banks: A systematic literature review (2017–2024). Review of Islamic Economics and Finance, 7(2), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.17509/rief.v7i2.73651
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hakim Sitompul, M., Majid, M. S. A., & Harahap, I. (2025). Penguatan unit usaha syariah: Pilar pembangunan ekonomi dalam perspektif Islam. Jurnal Masharif Al-Syariah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.30651/jms.v10i1.23410
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268–279. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.268
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hidayah, N., Zamilah, A., Rizal, S., & Jaharuddin, J. (2021). The resilience of sharia and conventional banks in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v13i2.23964
Huynh, Q. L., & Nguyen, N. V. (2024). A systematic evaluation of links among corporate structure, knowledge management, and financial effectiveness in Vietnam’s banking sector. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 12(2), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.55493/5009.v12i2.5056
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
Kim, N. N., & Hang, N. N. T. (2024). Rewards, knowledge sharing and individual work performance: An empirical study. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), Article 2359372. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2359372
Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah [KNEKS]. (2024). Laporan perkembangan ekonomi syariah Indonesia 2024. KNEKS.
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., de Vet, H. C. W., & van der Beek, A. J. (2014). Construct validity of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 331–337.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705
Mohamed, S. D., & Hussein, H. A. (2025). Unveiling the role of innovation practices in organizational learning as a mediator for sustainable performance enhancement in Somali banks. Discover Sustainability, 6, Article 213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00924-4
Mollah, S., & Zaman, M. (2015). Shari’ah supervision, corporate governance and performance: Conventional vs. Islamic banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 58, 418–435.
Monson, F. K. S. (2024). Unveiling the strategic resource dimension: A bibliometric and systematic review of the resource-based view and its application to corporate governance. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 35(2), Article 100516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2024.100516
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan [OJK]. (2023a). Laporan perkembangan perbankan syariah 2023. OJK.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan [OJK]. (2023b). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 12/POJK.03/2023 tentang Unit Usaha Syariah. OJK.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan [OJK]. (2024). Roadmap penguatan dan pengembangan perbankan syariah Indonesia 2023–2027 (RP3SI). OJK.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., & Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2012). The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(2), 74–101.
Schilke, O., Hu, S., & Helfat, C. E. (2018). Quo vadis, dynamic capabilities? A content-analytic review of the current state of knowledge and recommendations for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 12(1), 390–439.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
Trinugroho, I., Santoso, W., Irawanto, R., & Pamungkas, P. (2021). Is spin-off policy an effective way to improve performance of Islamic banks? Evidence from Indonesia. Research in International Business and Finance, 56, Article 101352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101352
