Advances In Social Humanities Research

Combined Spinal–General Anaesthesia with Low-Dose Intrathecal Morphine and Atropine for Abdominal Laparoscopy: A Randomised Controlled Trial of Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pain

Weirna Winantiningtyas — 2026-11-04

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain remain significant concerns following abdominal laparoscopic surgery. This study compared combined spinal–general anesthesia (CSGA) incorporating low-dose intrathecal morphine and atropine with general anesthesia (GA) alone. A single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, from February to March 2026. Adults undergoing elective abdominal laparoscopic surgery received either CSGA with intrathecal bupivacaine (10 mg), morphine (100 ?g), and atropine (100 ?g) or GA alone. Both groups received prophylactic ondansetron and multimodal analgesia. Sixty patients were included in the per-protocol analysis, comprising 33 in the CSGA group and 27 in the GA group. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV within 24 hours postoperatively, while secondary outcomes included pain scores, rescue medication requirements, fentanyl consumption, and hemodynamic parameters. PONV occurred in 6.1% of CSGA patients compared with 74.1% of GA patients (P < 0.001), corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 68.0 percentage points. The CSGA group demonstrated lower pain scores at 6–24 hours, reduced postinduction fentanyl consumption, and decreased requirements for rescue ondansetron. No patients in the CSGA group required rescue morphine, compared with 59.3% in the GA group. Three CSGA patients required vasopressor support. These benefits may have been partially associated with reduced opioid exposure, although a mediating effect was not established. CSGA was associated with improved postoperative symptom control under the study conditions; however, the independent contribution of intrathecal atropine remains uncertain. Larger, blinded, multicenter randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm efficacy and evaluate safety, particularly potential neurological complications associated with intrathecal atropine administration.

Project Based Learning Model for Integrating Social Class XII Disaster Materials at Santa Ursula High School Jakarta

Maria A. Purwaningtyas — 2026-11-07

This study aimed to examine the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in integrating disaster-related learning materials into Grade XII Social Studies instruction at Santa Ursula High School, Central Jakarta. The research was conducted from July 2024 to July 2025 using a descriptive quantitative research design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to evaluate instructional planning, adherence to the PjBL implementation stages, and student learning outcomes across three assessment domains: attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The findings revealed a high level of adherence to the PjBL instructional framework, supported by comprehensive instructional planning and an implementation rate of 98%. Student learning outcomes were consistently high across all assessed domains. The mean attitude assessment score was 94, the mean knowledge assessment score was 97, and the mean skills assessment score was 95, with all three domains classified as Excellent. These findings suggest that the integration of disaster-related materials through PjBL was associated with favorable student learning outcomes and provided opportunities to promote active participation, creativity, collaboration, and contextual understanding of disaster-related concepts. The structured implementation of PjBL also appeared to support the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical learning activities. Overall, the study provides descriptive evidence of the feasibility of implementing PjBL in disaster education at the senior high school level. However, because the research employed a descriptive design without a comparison group or inferential statistical analysis, the findings do not establish a causal effect of PjBL on student learning outcomes.

Analysis of Instagram Digital Marketing and Product Quality, on Repurchase Intention in Tenpura Jakarta

Mochamad Thariq Yafi Soejadi — 2026-11-04

This study aimed to examine the effects of Instagram digital marketing and product quality on customers' repurchase intention at Tenpura Jakarta, a restaurant located in Blok M, South Jakarta. A quantitative research design with an associative approach was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics. The results revealed that digital marketing had a positive and statistically significant relationship with repurchase intention, with a reported correlation coefficient (r) of 0.420 and a significance level of p < 0.001. Conversely, product quality was not significantly associated with repurchase intention (r = ?0.019, p = 0.849). The overall regression model was statistically significant (F = 10.492), with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.178, indicating that digital marketing and product quality collectively explained 17.8% of the variance in repurchase intention. These findings suggest that Instagram digital marketing was more strongly associated with customers' repurchase intention than product quality in the context of Tenpura Jakarta. The study highlights the importance of optimizing Instagram digital marketing strategies and recommends examining additional factors, such as brand image and customer experience, to better understand and potentially enhance customers' repurchase intention.

Application of Disaster-Literature Based Artificial Intelligence to Improve Students’ Knowledge and Creative Thinking Skills at SMAN 39 Jakarta

Aulya Sisca Kusumaningrum — 2026-11-07

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into geography instruction to improve students' knowledge acquisition and creative thinking skills. A quasi-experimental research design employing pretest and posttest assessments was implemented with two groups: an experimental group that integrated AI-assisted learning strategies and a control group that received conventional instruction without AI support. The instructional materials focused on disaster-related topics and were delivered over six learning sessions in accordance with the principles of Indonesia's Merdeka Curriculum. The findings revealed substantial improvements in the experimental group's learning outcomes, with mean knowledge scores increasing by 50.98% and creative thinking skills improving by 52.73%. AI-powered platforms, including ChatGPT, Perplexity AI, Scholarcy, and Scite, were incorporated to facilitate access to relevant academic literature, support information exploration, and encourage independent, inquiry-based learning. In comparison, the control group demonstrated a 26.41% improvement in knowledge scores and a 33% increase in creative thinking skills. These descriptive differences suggest that AI-assisted instruction may provide additional benefits for developing students' conceptual understanding, information literacy, and higher-order thinking skills compared with conventional teaching approaches. However, the reported percentage improvements alone do not establish statistically significant differences between the groups. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of AI-integrated geography instruction to support disaster-related learning and creative thinking development in alignment with the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating AI technologies strategically, ethically, and contextually to promote adaptive, meaningful, and student-centered learning experiences in contemporary educational settings.

The Role of Epididymis and “Bio-Active Cargo” Exosome in Sperm Cells Maturation

Samuel Yesaya Wirjopranoto — 2026-11-04

Male infertility may result from impaired posttesticular sperm maturation, a process in which the epididymis provides a specialized luminal microenvironment essential for sperm development and functional competence. This narrative literature review examined the anatomical and physiological roles of the epididymis and the potential contributions of epididymosome-associated bioactive cargo to sperm maturation. Relevant literature published between 2015 and 2025 was identified through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and other scientific sources and synthesized according to epididymal structure, epithelial cell functions, extracellular vesicle biology, and the transfer of proteins and small regulatory RNAs. The reviewed evidence indicated that epididymosomes, a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles released into the epididymal lumen, participate in intercellular communication and may transfer bioactive molecules to spermatozoa during epididymal transit. These molecular interactions have been associated with sperm plasma membrane remodeling, acquisition of motility, protection against oxidative stress, and other posttesticular modifications essential for sperm functional maturation. Experimental studies further suggested that epididymosome-mediated cargo transfer contributes to molecular communication between the epididymal epithelium and developing spermatozoa. However, much of the mechanistic evidence was derived from animal models and in vitro experiments, limiting its direct applicability to human reproductive physiology. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of specific epididymosomal cargo molecules in human infertility remains insufficiently established. Overall, this review highlighted the potential of epididymosomes as sources of reproductive biomarkers and targets for future investigations rather than validated diagnostic or therapeutic tools. Further research should clarify cargo-specific mechanisms in humans and distinguish molecular changes acquired during epididymal maturation from those associated with subsequent sperm capacitation in the female reproductive tract.

Strategies to Improve Supply Chain Efficiency in Industrial-Scale Catering Services (Case Study on Morowali Mine Catering Company, Central Sulawesi)

Hendro Soejadi — 2026-11-04

This study examined operational efficiency in industrial-scale catering services in the Morowali mining region of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, through an integrated assessment of supply chain management (SCM), inventory management, and menu engineering. The research addressed operational challenges associated with high-volume food production, including inventory discrepancies, supply delays, and unplanned menu modifications. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and reviews of operational documentation at an industrial catering company. Informants included personnel directly involved in procurement, goods receiving, warehousing, and food production. The findings revealed that supply chain processes were insufficiently coordinated across departments, contributing to inconsistencies between operational planning and implementation. Manual and partially digitized inventory recording practices were associated with discrepancies between recorded inventory levels and actual physical stock. Furthermore, menu planning was not consistently aligned with raw material availability, resulting in unplanned menu substitutions, increased food costs, and food waste. Collectively, these findings suggested that operational inefficiencies were associated with inadequate integration among supply chain operations, inventory control, and menu planning rather than a single isolated operational problem. Accordingly, the study recommended adopting integrated digital information systems, strengthening standard operating procedures (SOPs), and aligning menu planning with accurate inventory records and reliable supply information to improve operational efficiency. The findings provided practical insights into strengthening interdepartmental coordination, minimizing operational disruptions, and reducing avoidable resource losses in high-volume catering operations serving remote mining areas.

Earthquake Disaster Preparedness for Circular Migrant Workers in the Informal Sector in East Cempaka Putih Village, DKI Jakarta

Iqbal Hendrawan — 2026-11-07

Circular migrant workers employed in the informal sector represent a potentially vulnerable urban population whose mobility and limited inclusion in administrative records may restrict their access to disaster preparedness programs. This study aimed to assess earthquake disaster knowledge and preparedness among informal-sector circular migrant workers in Cempaka Putih Timur, Central Jakarta, and examine variations in preparedness across educational levels, age groups, and occupational categories. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, involving 100 respondents selected through snowball sampling because comprehensive population data and administrative records were unavailable. Data were collected through direct observation, a 20-item multiple-choice knowledge test, and a 17-item dichotomous preparedness questionnaire. Earthquake preparedness was assessed across four dimensions: knowledge and attitudes, emergency response planning, disaster warning systems, and resource mobilization capacity. The findings revealed a persistent discrepancy between conceptual knowledge and practical disaster preparedness. Respondents with junior and senior high school education generally demonstrated higher knowledge and attitude scores than those with primary school education. However, emergency response planning, access to disaster warning systems, and resource mobilization capacity remained relatively low across educational categories. Age-based comparisons indicated that respondents in the older adult age group exhibited particularly low preparedness scores across all assessed dimensions, suggesting heightened vulnerability to earthquake-related risks. These findings highlight the need for community-based disaster preparedness training, accessible early-warning communication, occupation-specific disaster education, and targeted assistance for older circular migrant workers. Overall, the study provides contextual evidence to inform inclusive, community-based earthquake preparedness strategies for informal-sector circular migrant populations. Nevertheless, because of its descriptive design and nonprobability sampling approach, the observed differences should be interpreted as descriptive associations rather than evidence of causal relationships.

Application of Problem-Based Learning Model to Improve Geographic Literacy and Learning Outcomes of High School Students

Dewi Mutiarawati Suwarjo — 2026-11-07

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has increased the demand for students to develop 21st-century competencies, including complex problem-solving skills, spatial reasoning, and geographic literacy. This study aimed to examine the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model and its effectiveness in improving geographic literacy and learning outcomes among high school geography students. A descriptive quantitative research approach with an explanatory component was employed, involving 60 eleventh-grade social science students at SMA Diponegoro 1 Jakarta, who were divided into an experimental group (Class XI-5, n = 30) receiving PBL instruction and a control group (Class XI-3, n = 30) receiving conventional lecture-based instruction. Data were collected using an 11-item multiple-choice achievement test aligned with the cognitive levels of Anderson and Krathwohl's revised Bloom's taxonomy, along with questionnaires assessing PBL implementation and geographic literacy based on indicators established by the National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE). The findings indicated that PBL implementation achieved a high level of adherence to the instructional model's prescribed stages (90%). Students in the experimental group obtained a higher mean geographic literacy score (84.00) than those in the control group (81.00), suggesting a potential benefit of PBL for geographic literacy development. However, the difference in mean cognitive achievement scores between the experimental group (66.97) and the control group (69.09) was not statistically significant. Despite this finding, students receiving PBL instruction demonstrated stronger contextual understanding and integration of geographic concepts when addressing environmental problems. Overall, the findings suggest that PBL may support the application of geographic knowledge to real-world environmental challenges, although its effectiveness in improving cognitive learning outcomes was not statistically established in this study.

Enhancing Students’ Speaking Skills Through the Implementation of Graphic Organizers: A Classroom Action Research

Umi Muttaqiyatul Azizah M — 2026-11-04

This study aimed to improve students' speaking skills through the use of graphic organizers at MTs Cahaya Ilmu. The research employed a classroom action research (CAR) design consisting of two cycles, preceded by a pretest, with each cycle conducted over two meetings. The participants were 77 seventh-grade students. Data were collected through speaking tests, classroom observations, and field notes. Quantitative data were analyzed by comparing students' mean speaking scores across the research stages, while qualitative data were analyzed using classroom observations and field notes to identify changes in students' participation and speaking performance. The findings demonstrated a progressive improvement in students' speaking skills, as reflected in the increase in mean scores from 68 on the pretest to 70 in Cycle I and 75 in Cycle II. Classroom observations also indicated that students became more active, confident, and focused when organizing and expressing their ideas during speaking activities. These findings suggested that graphic organizers contributed positively to the development of students' speaking skills by facilitating idea organization, supporting clearer verbal expression, and encouraging active participation in classroom discussions. The study concluded that graphic organizers were a useful instructional strategy for enhancing students' speaking performance in the classroom action research setting.

Analysis of Fire Protection System Readiness on Emergency Stairs of Multi-Storey Education Buildings: A Qualitative Case Study

Brahma Deva Joyo Nusantara — 2026-11-04

Building safety is a fundamental concern, particularly in multistory educational buildings characterized by high occupant mobility. This study aimed to explore the implementation of fire safety measures and fire protection systems in the emergency stairways of Building I, Faculty of Economics and Business, at a private university in West Jakarta, Indonesia, from the perspectives and experiences of key stakeholders. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with an intrinsic case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven informants selected using purposive sampling, field observations, and document reviews to establish the regulatory context. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, with trustworthiness enhanced through source triangulation, methodological triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. The findings identified four major themes: organizational commitment to safety and institutional limitations, perceived physical and operational barriers in emergency stairways, occupant vulnerability and emergency preparedness, and integrated strategies for strengthening a safety-oriented organizational culture. From a managerial perspective, fire safety policies had been established; however, their implementation was perceived as inadequate because of operational budget constraints. Regarding physical safety conditions, informants expressed concerns that the existing emergency stairways might not provide adequate protection during fire emergencies because of the absence of fire-rated doors and appropriate fire-resistant separation. Furthermore, building occupants were perceived to have limited emergency preparedness, primarily because regular evacuation drills had not been conducted. The recommended strategies emphasized strengthening organizational safety culture through routine evacuation drills and implementing context-appropriate physical improvements that integrate technical fire protection measures with behavioral aspects of emergency preparedness and fire safety management.

Exudative Retinal Ablation Performed by Vitrectomy Surgery at Pasar Rebo Hospital

Yasmine Mutia Rahmawati Purnama — 2026-11-04

Retinal detachment is characterized by the separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium and can result in significant visual impairment. This case report describes a 59-year-old man who presented to Pasar Rebo Hospital with a three-day history of sudden-onset blurred vision and a curtain-like visual field defect in his left eye. His medical history included myopia and previous cataract surgery. Initial visual acuity in the left eye was 1/300, and fundus photography revealed retinal elevation involving the macula. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed six days after presentation, involving irrigation and aspiration, laser photocoagulation surrounding the identified retinal breaks and throughout the peripheral retina, and silicone oil tamponade. On postoperative day 15, visual acuity in the left eye improved to 4/60 without correction and 6/40 with correction, while intraocular pressure increased to 26 mmHg, requiring treatment with timolol and acetazolamide. The case demonstrated short-term anatomical retinal reattachment and visual improvement, accompanied by postoperative ocular hypertension requiring continued monitoring. Although the initial diagnosis classified the detachment as exudative, the intraoperative identification of retinal breaks and the previously documented possibility of lattice degeneration raised uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanism, including a potential rhegmatogenous component. The available clinical records did not establish an underlying cause of retinal exudation or provide comprehensive retinal imaging to support the initial classification. This report emphasizes the importance of accurate retinal detachment classification, comprehensive intraoperative documentation, and continued postoperative monitoring following silicone oil tamponade.