Advances In Social Humanities Research

Legal Protection for Creditors Regarding Collateral Used by Debtors for Online Gambling Activities in Indonesia

Tri Reni Novita — 2026-07-06

The rapid development of information technology has transformed various economic activities, including the emergence of internet-based gambling practices known as online gambling. This phenomenon has generated significant legal and economic consequences, particularly in creditor-debtor relationships. Debtors involved in online gambling often misuse credit facilities, experience financial instability, and ultimately fail to fulfill their repayment obligations. In several cases, debtors have transferred, encumbered, or misused collateral assets to obtain additional funds for gambling activities. Such circumstances pose substantial risks to creditors and challenge the effectiveness of security law as a legal protection mechanism. This study aims to analyze the legal protection provided by Indonesian security law for creditors regarding collateral assets connected to debtors engaged in online gambling activities. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The primary legal materials include the Indonesian Civil Code, Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Security, Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights, and regulations related to the eradication of online gambling. The findings indicate that Indonesian security law provides strong protection through preferential rights, collateral registration systems, and collateral enforcement mechanisms. Nevertheless, the growth of digital financial transactions and online gambling platforms creates new challenges in monitoring debtor behavior and safeguarding collateral assets. Therefore, strengthening supervisory mechanisms, improving debtor risk assessment systems, and enhancing cooperation between financial institutions and law enforcement agencies are essential to ensure legal certainty and effective creditor protection in the digital era.

Factors Affecting The Income of Edamame Farmers (A Case Study in Sindangsari Village, Lembursitu Subdistrict, Sukabumi City)

Noviyanti Dewi — 2026-07-18

This research aims to determine the effects of production volume, edamame price, education level, farmer age, number of workers, land ownership, and land area on the income of edamame farmers, as well as identify the variables with the strongest influence on farmer income. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research approach. The results showed that, simultaneously, all independent variables (production volume, price, education level, age, number of workers, land ownership, and land area) significantly influenced farmer income, with an F-statistic value of 6.024 > F-table value of 2.64 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Partially, production volume (t-count = 3.297 > t-table = 2.034, sig. = 0.002) and land area (t-count = 2.610 > t-table = 2.034, sig. = 0.014) had positive and significant effects on income, while price, education level, age, number of workers, and land ownership did not show significant effects. Land area was identified as the variable with the most dominant influence on farmer income. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.5210 indicated that 52.10% of income variation was explained by the independent variables, while the remaining 47.90% was influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings confirmed that increasing production volume and expanding cultivated land area were key strategies for improving edamame farmer income in the study area.

The Influence of Confidence and Anxiety and Coordination Eyes on The Ability of The Penalty Kick on The Football Player Club Baruna Tumbak Mitra

Ahria Judistari Paturusi — 2026-07-06

Here is the proofread and academically refined version with corrected grammar, improved methodological terminology, consistent tense, and proper sports science phrasing. The required phrase is italicized as requested:This research aimed to: (1) determine whether confidence had a direct effect on penalty kick ability; (2) determine whether anxiety had a direct effect on penalty kick ability; (3) determine whether eye-foot coordination had a direct effect on penalty kick ability; (4) determine whether self-confidence had a direct effect on anxiety; (5) determine whether self-confidence had a direct effect on eye-foot coordination; (6) determine whether anxiety had a direct effect on eye-foot coordination; and (7) examine the simultaneous influence of confidence, anxiety, and eye-foot coordination on penalty kick ability among football players of Club Baruna Tumbak Mitra. The study used a quantitative ex post facto research design. Path analysis was employed to examine the pattern of relationships among the independent variables and the dependent variable. The instruments used included a closed questionnaire to measure confidence and anxiety, the “Soccer Wall Volley Test” to assess eye-foot coordination, and a “Shooting Test” to measure penalty kick ability. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical tests at an alpha level of 0.05. The results indicated that: (1) there was a significant effect of confidence on penalty kick ability, contributing 43.30%; (2) there was a significant effect of anxiety on penalty kick ability, contributing 40.96%; (3) there was a significant effect of eye-foot coordination on penalty kick ability, contributing 59.44%; (4) there was a significant effect of confidence on anxiety, contributing 65.77%; (5) there was a significant effect of confidence on eye-foot coordination, contributing 35.28%; (6) there was a significant effect of anxiety on eye-foot coordination, contributing 43.03%; and (7) there was a simultaneous significant influence of confidence, anxiety, and eye-foot coordination on penalty kick ability among football players of Club Baruna Tumbak Mitra, with a combined contribution of 66.59%.

The Relationship Between Certain Physical Properties and The Infiltration Rate of Ultisols in Oil Palm, Rubber, and Areca Nut Plantations in Maro Sebo Village, Jambi Luar Kota Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency

Hasriati Nasution — 2026-07-22

Ultisols are widely distributed in Indonesia and are commonly utilized for plantation activities, including oil palm, rubber, and areca nut cultivation. However, intensive land-use changes and management practices can affect soil physical properties, particularly infiltration processes, which are essential for regulating water availability, reducing surface runoff, and maintaining soil sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between soil physical properties and infiltration characteristics of Ultisols under different plantation types in Maro Sebo Village, Jambi Luar Kota Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research employed a survey method with random sampling based on land use types and slope characteristics. Soil samples were collected from oil palm, rubber, and areca nut plantations, while infiltration measurements were conducted using a double-ring infiltrometer. The observed parameters included organic matter content, bulk density, total porosity, soil water content, infiltration rate, and infiltration capacity. Data were analyzed using the Horton infiltration model, independent-sample mean comparison tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that rubber and areca nut plantations had better soil physical conditions than oil palm plantations, as indicated by higher organic matter content, lower bulk density, and greater total porosity. Areca nut plantations exhibited the highest infiltration rate, followed by rubber and oil palm plantations. Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship between soil physical properties and infiltration characteristics, with an average coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.86. This study concluded that vegetation type and soil management practices significantly influenced the infiltration capacity of Ultisols. Therefore, sustainable plantation management practices are required to maintain soil physical quality and enhance water conservation functions.

Designing User-Centered Risk Management Framework to Enhance Security Posture and Security Control Model in SME

Jahja Mayudin Kurniawan — 2026-07-18

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face increasing cybersecurity risks while often having limited resources and low readiness to implement ISO/IEC 27001. This research aims to design a user-centered risk management framework to improve security posture and enhance the effectiveness of security control implementation. The study employs the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) by integrating ISO/IEC 27005 as an operational risk management standard and ISO 31000 as strategic guidance, supported by a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach for security control prioritization. The framework was demonstrated through a case study at PT Pulsabayar and evaluated using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and expert validation. Risk analysis identified 20 cybersecurity risks, consisting of 9 medium risks and 11 low risks, with the three highest-priority risks being application account takeover, phishing attacks, and malware infections. Security control prioritization generated priority scores ranging from 0.36 to 0.64, enabling systematic resource allocation for risk mitigation. The framework received positive evaluations from internal stakeholders and external experts, confirming its clarity, usability, and alignment with organizational needs. This research concludes that a user-centered and standards-aligned framework can strengthen cybersecurity governance and support SMEs in achieving incremental compliance and sustainable security improvements.

Sentencing Based on The Principle of Justice for Victims of Serious Crimes Committed by Minors

Freddy Oslan Parningatan — 2026-07-30

This article analyzes the paradigm shift in the prosecution of criminal cases under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), from a retributive-formal orientation toward a restorative-proportional orientation within the Indonesian criminal justice system. The urgency of this study arises from the fact that the implementation of the ITE Law has frequently generated legal issues, including multiple interpretations, the criminalization of expression, and tensions between reputation protection, freedom of expression, and legal certainty. The second amendment to the ITE Law through Law Number 1 of 2024 was explicitly motivated by the need to address interpretive ambiguities and controversies within society, while Constitutional Court Decision Number 105/PUU-XXII/2024 further narrows the interpretation of several important provisions, particularly Article 27A, Article 45 paragraph (4), Article 28 paragraph (2), and Article 45A paragraph (2). This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, case-based, and limited comparative approaches grounded in the principle of restorative justice. The research findings indicate that the prosecution of ITE Law cases can no longer be interpreted merely as the transfer of cases to court after the fulfillment of formal legal elements; rather, it constitutes a substantive selection process that considers victims’ interests, loss recovery, proportionality, social impact, and the protection of constitutional rights. This article contributes by formulating a limited restorative prosecution model for ITE Law cases, namely by providing opportunities for the termination of prosecution based on reconciliation only in cases with interpersonal characteristics, where no serious public harm arises and where the requirements of Prosecutor’s Regulation Number 15 of 2020 are fulfilled.