Volume 1,
No. 1 March 2023 p-ISSN XXXX |
e-ISSN XXXX Volume 2,
No. 11 November 2024 p-ISSN
3032-3037 | e-ISSN 3031-5786
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF
INNOVATION PRODUCTION THROUGH THE PRINTING BLOCK PRINTING PLATE WORKSHOP USING THE DESIGN THINKING APPROACH
Nora Hafildah1,
Didit Widiatmoko Soewardikoen2, Hanif Azhar3, Mahendra
Nur Hadiansyah4
Master of Design, Faculty of Creative Industries, Telkom University
Email: hafildahnora@gmail.com1 diditwidiatmoko@telkomuniversity.ac.id2
hanifazhar@telkomuniversity.ac.id3
mahendrainterior@telkomuniversity.ac.id4
Abstract
The waste problem in Indonesia is a problem that has not
been resolved to date; this hurts the surrounding environment, one of which is
23.3 million tonnes annually produced from 202 districts or cities, of which
only 15 are appropriately managed. 6 million tons annually. Therefore, it is
necessary to process plastic waste to minimize the accumulation of plastic
waste and its impact on the. Olah Plastic is one of the MSMEs located in
Bandung that processes plastic waste into products. However, Olah Plastic has a
problem in the form of remaining unprocessed production waste, so product
innovation is needed that can minimize production waste and activities that can
increase public knowledge about processing. plastic waste. The results of this
research are block printing plates made from the
remaining waste from Olah Plastic production, where the printing plates will be
used as media in workshops to increase public awareness regarding the negative
impact of plastic waste on the environment, which still has selling value.
Keywords: Sustainability, Block Printing, workshop
Introduction
The waste
problem in Indonesia is one of the problems that has not been solved until now,
this hurts the surrounding environment, one of which is the length of time it
takes to decompose plastic waste, which can result in a decrease in soil
fertility and requires hundreds of years to decompose plastic naturally (Purwaningrum, 2016). Based on data obtained from the (Wilson, 2023), waste in Indonesia reaches 23.3 million
tons every year, which is produced from 202 districts or cities, where waste is
well managed, which is only 66.8% or as much as 15.6 million tons every year.
This is due to the lack of public awareness about plastic waste and its
negative impact on the environment. So it is necessary to process plastic waste
to minimize its pile and impact on the environment (Amanullah, 2023). However, as time passes and time develops,
several MSMEs raise the value from sustainability to a product. Olah
Plastic is one of the MSMEs located in Bandung that produces processed plastic
waste products from LDPE, PP, and HDPE materials into lifestyle products and furniture,
and has been established since 2020.
Olah Plastic
has a sustainability concept that includes business and investment strategies
that can improve business practicality by balancing future needs, especially
community efforts in prioritizing social responses to the environment and the
economy (Nurhabibah, 2023). This is related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with sustainable
development goals that aim to ensure that the world moves forward in
sustainable development by involving social, economic, and environmental
justice (Amanullah, 2023). This is related to Olah Plastic itself,
which started its business in the field of recycling
plastic waste because the awareness of plastic waste produced in the
previous business is accumulating. Therefore, the recycling process from Olah Plastic waste is needed to minimize the
negative impact on the environment. The recycling process is mainly related to the 3Rs,
namely Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (Lubis, 2015). One of them is Olah Plastic, which recycles plastic waste that has been
chopped into plastic seeds, and a pressing or molding process is carried
out to produce a board and accessory products.
Improper plastic processing can affect the products
produced; this is because the sorting and cleaning process is not by the
standards of Olah Plastic, so it is not by the Indonesian market share, which
also wants products with a smooth surface; Olah Plastic is also inseparable
from problems both in terms of operations and finance, as well as marketing, so that activities are needed that
can increase public knowledge about plastic waste processing to increase public
awareness. A workshop is an
association that discusses certain problems and teaches something new to people
with interests, concerns, and expertise in a certain field (Ørngreen & Levinsen, 2017). Therefore, the workshop is one of the ways to overcome the problem of using
social innovation in the form of workshops
or training for them and the need for design innovation from the remaining
production waste to minimize the waste produced by Plastic Processing through
the design innovation of printing block printing plates, so that the method
used in this study is to use a qualitative method with a design approach. One
of the gaps from previous research that is relevant to this study is by Asyifa
Rachmadina Jiniputri with the title 'Experiment on Crochet and Weaving
Techniques with Waste Materials of Plastic Bags and Coffee Wrappers in Fashion
Accessories Products (Case Study of Cibunut Environmentally Friendly Village,
Bandung)' using a mix method with
research results in the form of alternative development in textile structures,
attractive designs, Like the motif that
arises on (Mikalef, Boura, Lekakos, & Krogstie, 2019).
the surface of the product and the resulting texture of
such structures. Furthermore, by Astrid Jenifer with the title
'Development of Fashion Products Using Used
Paper Materials for Cement Bags with a
Low-Impact Use Approach' using the method of dyeing experiments, material tests, and
exploration of shapes and visuals with the results of research on alternative
basic raw materials from used paper for cement bags for use in fashion products; next by Lilis Indra
Lestari with the title 'Evaluation of "KANG PISMAN PROGRAM" With
Ecopreneurship Concept
Approach to Contribute to Achieving SDG Target 11.6 Waste Management (Study
on Cibunut Village in Bandung City)' uses a
mix method with the results of research on high public awareness, the
environment to be clean, and increasing side income for people who manage
waste. Based on the three previous studies above, there is a gap that it has
not been studied on workshop innovation as waste management and using qualitative
methods with a design thinking approach
Research Methods
Data is indispensable
in designing. Consciously or
unconsciously, designers are sure to use data to create designs
Results and Discussion
Client
Rizal Aziz is the founder and owner of Olah Plastic,
the beginning of his interest in processing plastic waste because of the waste
generated from his previous business in plastic packaging. Which started at the
end of 2020 and began to realize that every production process has accumulated
waste and is not treated; this made Rizal Aziz start to engage in waste
treatment and conduct some research on good materials and under Plastic
Processing standards.
Figure 1. Rizal
Aziz (CEO Olah Plastic)
Object
Plastic processing begins with
producing plastic custom packaging, but each production process produces waste.
This made the CEO, Rizal Aziz, switch to trying to process plastic waste
and, until now, continue to innovate to process plastic waste into new
products. Olah Plastic is one of the MSMEs that process plastic waste into lifestyle products, accessories, and furniture; established in 2020 during
the pandemic by provides design, sample making, and custom surface finishing services. Generally, the
technology used for the product manufacturing process uses press machine technology
and moulding techniques.
Figure
2. Plastic Processing Logo
Source:
Processed Plastic
Plastic processing was built with the aim of being a
business opportunity and minimizing plastic
waste into lifestyle and furniture products. The Plastic
Processing Office is located on jl. Salam, Cihapit, Bandung City, West Java.Jl.
Greetings no.10, Cihapit, Bandung City, West Java, and the Olah Plastic
Operational office are located in a strategic area, namely the Cihapit area in
the middle of Bandung, which makes it easy to have meetings with clients or clients who want to survey. Meanwhile,
the Olah Plastic production plant is located in Gedebage,
which is indeed centred on an industrial location so
that the residue from the production does not disturb the community's
environment. HR Olah Plastic comprises the CEO, Finance, Product Designer,
Graphic Designer, Craftsman, Research & Development, Photographer,
and Technology officer. Meanwhile,
Olah Plastic's marketing account is available through Instagram and the
olahplastic.com website, which can be accessed through the Instagram bio. Olah
Plastic also gets materials from intermediaries, namely waste collectors,
cafes, and factories that work together, while manufacturing services are
carried out through craftsmen and designers. This is because raw materials are
obtained from post-consumer raw
materials used daily and post-industrial from
factory-reject materials. Each
manufacturing process takes quite a long time, especially the moulding technique, with 4 hours of work and 2 hours of
cooling, while the press technique takes as much as 3-4 weeks of work. Therefore,
Olah Plastic has production stages as shown in the scheme below.
Figure 3. Plastic Processing Scheme Source:
Plastic Processing
Based on the Scheme above, it can be concluded that there
is a design process using press and moulding
techniques to produce a design that is by the customer's wishes. This final
stage is to determine whether the type of plastic used has melted well and
formed according to the desired design.
Figure 3. Plastic Processing Products
Source: Processed Plastic
Figure 3 is the result of processing production from MSME
plastic waste Processing Plastic using press and molding techniques that can
produce accessory products in the form of lifestyle
and furniture products. This
product results in several products that are mixed color from chopped plastic seeds and then melted to produce
marbling motifs.
User
The users in this study refer to customers who are in the
city of Bandung. This is because Olah Plastic itself is located in the city of
Bandung, and the people of Jakarta where Jakarta is one of the cities that is
quite aware and is quite a lot of
users of sustain products, one of which is also in the Bali area which is the
center of the sustain market with a
target market of foreigners who stop by in Bali, and the café that has needs in the form of café furniture by prioritizing sustainability.
Stakeholders
Stakeholders are parties with interests in the company that
can influence or be influenced by the business in general, divided into
two parts, namely internal and external. Therefore, several parties have an
interest in Olah Plastic in running its business, namely:
Table
1 Plastic Processing Stakeholders
Based on table 1 above, there is Rizal Aziz's internal
party as the owner of Processed Plastic, there are finance, graphic and
product designers, technology officers and research
development. As for the external, there is
a photographer
Define
Business
Model Canvas
Generally, the business model is depicted through the
Business Model Canvas (BMC) in the following figure 4.3
Figure 4. BMC Processing Plastic. Source:
Collaborative Design Project Report
Based on the Business Model Canvas (BMC), it is known that
Olah Plastic collaborates with 3 parties in the business process, namely
collectors, cafes, and factories. Olah Plastic can also be reached through
Instagram, the olahplastic.com website, and WhatsApp, which can make it easier
for consumers to find other information related to Olah Plastic. In addition,
Olah Plastic also has several advantages regarding price compared to
competitors, as well as a variety of products produced and providing services for
manufacturing processed plastic waste products along with making designs that
customers want, especially customers on the surface
finish of the desired product. Therefore, the final outcome flow stage is
intended for the materials needed, namely plastic waste that has been cleaned
and is already at the enumeration stage. In contrast, the flow of income is obtained from the benefits of
design and product manufacturing services.
Plastic
Processing Brand Positioning
At this stage, it is used to find out the position of MSMEs
in Plastic Processing by comparing them with 2 competitors who are running
businesses in the field of recycling.
The comparison can be seen in the table
Under:
Table 2 Comparison of Plastic Processing
with 2 competitors
Therefore, the data in Table 2 is
used to find out the position and services offered by each MSME and compare it
with competitors displayed in the form of a
perceptual map:
Figure
5. Perceptual Map
Source:
Collaborative Design Project Report
Based on figure 5 above, it is known that
Newhun and Precious Plastic Bandung's competitors are in the same position,
namely expensive products with regular quality, while Olah Plastic is in a
different position, namely products that are sold at more affordable prices
with premium quality.
1.
Brainstorming Problems
Based on the results of brainstorming
The problems found have been considered by the results
of the analysis of the business model and the position of the competing MSMEs
compared
Figure 6. Brainstorming
Plastic Processing Problems. Source: Collaborative Design Project Report
In the brainstorming
process, there are several problems in the form of variable categories; the
main problem is the residual waste produced by Plastic Processing MSMEs that is
not reprocessed so that it accumulates and the lack of variety of lifestyle products. Therefore, based on
the three problems in operations, finance,
and marketing, there are main problems related to this research. In the next
stage, the main problem is solved with a design approach, which is the two main
problems, namely:
a.
The problem
of production waste from MSMEs Processing Plastic that is not reprocessed
results in the accumulation of production waste.
b.
The problem
is the lack of variety regarding lifestyle
products in MSMEs Processing Plastic.
Provisional results were obtained in the form of problems
in untreated production waste and the lack of variety of lifestyle
products, which will be solved with the aim of continuing the validation of
the problems in this study.
2. Problem Validation
Problem validation is carried ot to measure the correctness of the problem assumption at
the brainstorming stage. Validation
is carried out by observation and interviews conducted by observing the Olah
Plastic brand offline and observing supporters online to get the data needed.
Observation and Interview took place on March 5, 2024 located in the city of Bandung.
a.
Residual
Production Waste
Based on the production aspect, there is a problem of
residual production waste which is validated by documentation obtained from
observations and interviews from Olah Plastic.
Figure
7. Production waste. Source: Processed Plastic
Based on figure 7,
there is
the rest of the
production waste is a fairly large amount, ranging from the rest of the
production waste with small sizes to large sizes that are shaped like frames
and piled up in the warehouse of the Olah Plastic office. Therefore, it is
included in Olah Plastic in the form of reprocessing production waste, whereas
competitors NewHun and Precious Plastic Bandung do not process the residual
production waste produced in each production and can be used as an opportunity
that Olah Plastic recycles in its
entirety by the vision and mission of Olah Plastic regarding sustainability in the form of minimizing
plastic waste.
Lack of Variety of Lifestyle
Products
The second problem is the lack of variety of Olah
Plastic products based on the olahplastic.com website and obtained from direct
and indirect observations and interviews on Olah Plastic
Figure 8. Product Variety.
Source: Processed Plastic
Based on Figure 8 above, several variations of
products are traded on the olahplastic.com website, such as chairs, forks,
accessories (rings), chopsticks, coasters, soap dishes, and boards. Therefore,
the product variety in Figure 4.7 is less varied, and more variety of lifestyle
products is needed to make it easier for customers to choose the products
sold.
Theme Determination
The theme in this study is determined based on the mood board and the concept that has been
made. Based on this determination, the theme that will be applied to this
research will be selected.
(a)
(b)
(c) (d)
Figure 9. Moodboard (a) Coquette, (b) Balerina, (c) QOT, (d) U23
Figure 9 shows
a moodboard with a concept and will
be applied to this study based on observation of trends on social media,
especially on TikTok media. Still, it is necessary to choose a theme so that it
can be applied to this research. So the following themes are determined:
Table 3 Theme
Determination
Based on the
determination of the theme in Table 3, the coquette theme is the theme with the
highest total suspension, which is 24 scores. The determination of the theme is
carried out with indicators in the form of simple
designs, trends, booming,
popular, and easy to apply.
Alternative Solutions
The stages of
alternative solutions that can be applied and then further developed are
alternative ideas for the initial solution, such as printing block printing
plates on T-shirts, scarves, and tote
bags.
Figure 10. Alternative Solutions.
Source: Collaborative Design Project Report
After determining several alternative solution ideas,
the next process is the application of printed plates on alternative solutions
on t-shirts, scarves, and tote bags. So it is interesting for a
group of people who participate in the workshop
with the benefit of alternative solutions. This is done to attract a lot of
interest to participate in the workshop, which is carried out by
getting several interesting benefits apart from the experience obtained when
participating in the workshop, and these benefits are only
obtained when participating in the implementation of the workshop with a more exclusive purpose.
Final Concept of the Workshop
Figure 11. Workshop Concept
Source: Collaborative Design Project Report
Based on the initial scheme, the next stage is
determined based on the concept of the
workshop so that the design-making process can be directed and appropriate.
Therefore, at the initial stage, it is determined with 3 aspects in the
direction of the workshop:
The
first aspect related to Customer
Insight, which contains the main target of the process of carrying out the
activity Workshop (students, the
wider community, and community groups care about the environment, determine the
benefits obtained from participating in the activity Workshop, as well as its pride in contributing directly to
minimizing plastic waste and negative impacts on the environment).
The
second aspect is determining the theme of the printed plate design and workshop
activities and their objectives. The theme used is the processing of production
waste from Plastic Processing into printed plates that use the concept of
coquette to attract many students, especially women. In addition, the workshop's purpose is to improve the community's awareness of plastic
waste.
Finally, it is to determine the
channel for the process Workshop it is determined online through social media and offline through
workshop.
Based on the
three aspects above, it indirectly contains 3 values, namely:
a.
An
invitation to implement so that the community is more aware of the environment, one of which is by minimizing plastic
waste, especially in separating plastic waste.
b.
The next
experience felt by Participants was applying and processing printing block
plates made from production waste. This activity also allows participants to
make new friends with the same hobby and obtain benefits that can only be
obtained when participating in the Workshop.
c.
c. The
final stage involves setting goals that can reach the community, especially
increasing awareness by minimizing waste from production through product
innovations.
Prototype
After determining the product to be made and the
concept for the Plastic Processing product, the next stage of the idea
development process is formed according to the visuals realized in the physical
form, which is finally determined from the final design of the prototype. Therefore, the prototype stage is divided
into 3 stages, namely:
2D Printing Block Printing Plate
Figure 12. 2D Printing Plate Design
There are 3 stages of the 2D Printing Block Plate
design process, namely:
a.
The
initial concept determination is based on the selected theme through the highest
suspension, which is then carried out when determining the sketch contained in
the mood board object.
b.
The selected
sketch will continue at the colouring stage, adjusted to the selected mood board.
c.
Furthermore,
the creation of the selected design will be adjusted in detail, one of which is
the texture contained in the lips design.
3D Printing Block Printing Plate
Figure 13. 3D Printing Plate Design
There are 3 stages of the 3D Printing Block Plate design
process, namely:
a. At this stage, the selected design will be carried out in 3D
stages so that the selected design looks realistic, such as there are designs
that arise and do not.
b. The next design will be enhanced by adjusting the customized size
of each 3D design on the printed plate to make the shape of the 3D design more
visible.
c. The final stage of the 3D design will be given a colour that
adjusts to the 2D design.
Keyring
Figure 14. Front,
Side, and Rear View 3D Printing Plate Keyring Design
There are 2 stages of the 3D Printing Block Keyring design process,
namely:
a. At this stage, the 3D design will be combined into a keyring
or keychain that has been adjusted to the size of each printing plate.
b. This stage provides a chain and a hole
at the end of the printed plate, making it easert, theing the keychain chain
easier.
c. The next Stages show the
view from the front, side, and back sides so that the thickness and final 3D
design of the printed plate can be clearly seen.
The trial stage has not been
carried out directly; it's just that it has just been displayed in the form of
3D modelling. So it can be concluded that the 3D design of the printing block
printing plate is made with a cherry size (5 x 6.5 cm); lips
(3 x 5 cm); and we make it
(11.5 x 2.5cm) where the 3D design of the three designs will be combined and
realized into a keyring or keychain.
Where the usefulness of 3D design is a design stage that can show the creation
of a real design both from the front, side, and back sides
Conclusion
From the research that has been carried out, it
can be concluded that Olah Plastic has advantages in the form of products
produced by Olah Plastic, which have premium quality but at affordable prices
compared to competitor brands and provide various services. One of the problems
that is also used as urgently is the remaining waste from the production of plastic
processing and the lack of innovation in lifestyle
products. So that the results of the defined
stage are included in operational and marketing problems that are not
optimal. The solution applied to this research is through a workshop with various benefits obtained
by workshop participants, to increase
public awareness about the negative
impact of plastic waste on the environment, which still has a selling value.
However, the solution to the remaining production waste is used as a printing
plate to minimize the remaining plastic processing production waste.
Meanwhile, suggestions that can be made in this
study are both further research, namely, conducting
testing of the design prototype in
this research to the public, in order to find out the suggestions that get Used
to improve this research. Therefore it is recommended to do Workshop by practicing printing block
printing plates made from the waste of Plastic Processing production and aiming
to improve Awareness community
regarding the processing of plastic waste that has a selling value.
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Copyright holder: Nora Hafildah1, Didit Widiatmoko Soewardikoen2,
Hanif Azhar3, Mahendra Nur Hadiansyah4 (2024) |
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First publication right: Advances in Social Humanities Research |
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