The Curiosity Effect with Barnum Effect on the Tendency of Tarot
Divination Addiction in Tarot Lovers in Semarang
Puji Astuti 1 ,
Mulya Virgonita 2
University
of Semarang, Semarang, West Java, Indonesia
Email : krida.astuti@gmail.com
Abstract
This research aims to test and analyze the influence of curiosity and the Barnum effect on the tendency of tarot prediction addiction among tarot lovers in Semarng . This research is a correlational research carried out in Semarang from November 2023 to April 2024. The population of this research is tarot divination lovers in Semarang, where the population size is unknown with 92 research subjects. Samples were taken using snowball sampling technique. Data was collected by questionnaire. The dependent variable in this research is the tendency to get addicted to tarot predictions, while the independent variable is curiosity. Data analysis was carried out with SmartPLS 4.The results of the research show that (1) there is an insignificant influence of curiosity on the tendency to become addicted to tarot divination; (2) there is no significant influence of the Barnum effect on the tendency to become addicted to tarot predictions; (3) there is a significant influence of curiosity on the Barnum effect; (4) there is an insignificant influence of curiosity on the tendency to become addicted to tarot divination through the Barnum effect. The influence/contribution of the curiosity variables, Barnum effect on the tendency to become addicted to tarot predictions is 73%, while the other 26.2% is influenced by other variables outside this research .
Keywords : Curiosity, Barnum effect, Tendency to be addicted to tarot predictions .
Introduction
Interest society in accepting tarot as one of the
hope , entertainment until become place share at a time solution to the problem
life can seen one of them via social media tiktok (Agustina, 2023) . Tarot
readers or a tarot reader makes content through live or uploads that introduce potential they as someone who can
read tarot. The appeal of tarot itself believed as A future predictions . Tarot
online become trends on social media
moment This through communication mass that is the message conveyed through
mass media to a large number of people ( Kustiawan et al., 2022). Mass media
own legality in distribution information but social media more to free its
users in the distribution information ( Jatmiko Hidayat, 2022).
View general public lay about identity tarot reader or tarot reader or
better famous with designation fortune-teller are people who have excess
special (Rahmatullah, 2016) . One of excess the is able to know what
happened moment This or predict
what will happen happen in the future. Attraction That's what makes people look
at tarot which is starting to known via social media . As conveyed by one of
subject study This with the initials E, 50 years old confess often watch tarot
online on TikTok and always scroll related
content with Tarot predictions
are liked by everyone. Subject will
take a long look if at the forecast at the beginning tarot reader convey something that is felt similar very with life
subject (KB: E;W /B.64-69).
Another thing with subject study initials S, 52
years old say got to know tarot through a friend, then try offline reading . The tarot results are correlated with life real ,
what is conveyed or asked the answer is according to what was experienced (KB:
S;W /B.19-23). And obey other subjects in research This initials D, 50 years
old , said what is said through tarot a little Lots right , there is similarity
with life real , tarot tendencies know life , there is thread red and
synergistic . From the results of the tarot reading if negative is warning to
take attitude next (KB: D; W/B.34-43; KB: D; W/B.47-57).
Based on the third statement subject the can
concluded that There is similarity to tarot perception is the result of tarot
divination such as answer to curiosity them on the questions they have .
When one matter very done and then demanding to be
done again meaning There is trust in it (Tschannen-Moran, 2014). Because of the behavior that considers forecast
as trust is another form of addicted or addict
, as well as dependency to drugs forbidden . Addiction forecast give
feeling similar joy and calm in those who believe in it . Style change life and
relationships social create new behavior in society , which in practice can
become excessive or even referring to a new form of addiction , citing Goodman
's journal in the neurobiology of
addiction in (Lesthia, 2016) .
Reliance on predictions is influence barnum effect , where somebody look for
validation subjective from predictions that could be aimed at a community or
group . Like read forecast daily certain , and feel The prophecy was
specifically for him. With thus he will feel anxious if forecast the bad and
happy If the prediction is good . Impact the negative If effect barnum the
changed become addiction , because somebody the will become very dependent on
predictions and base all decisions taken in life on them based on predictions ,
(Lesthia, 2016) .
Meanwhile , the working system in tarot is more to
description general , not directed at the individual . This is what is
connected with barnum effect . barnum effect describe that How
individual receive description results personality , no can become proof a
valid instrument because individual own trend do fallacy of personal validation which means accept vague , general ,
false , and applicable feedback common in the population , Furnham &
Schofield, in (Beins, 2001) . More next , thing This become reason Why part
individual believe and be confident with description results personality from
zodiac, horoscope , and various procedure evaluation vague personality
scientifically like graphology and tarot cards , Tyson (in APA Psycoinfo ,
2020)
In previous research conducted by (Mauldi & Hernawati,
2015) in his journal entitled representation of human nature in
tarot cards Nusantara (2015) explained that the images contained in tarot cards
are images based on the results of culture and mythology and show the cycle of
human life, such as causal relationships, fears and desires to achieve goals.
This means that the definition or explanation of the results of the prediction
based on the synchronicity of the image has been patterned universally because
the cycle of human life is experienced by all creatures. The connection between
the results of the prediction and the satisfaction of the client's answer
occurs because there is a satisfactory answer according to the client.
Meanwhile, the symbol of the life cycle depicted on the card that appears as if
it is specifically intended for the client's personal is called the Barnum
effect
Previous research about Tarot divination is also carried out by (Tiananda,
Alie, & Elanda, 2022) in commercialization Tarot predictions by tarot readers in Surabaya city found
that tarot often associated with mystical or supernatural and future
predictions and because existence request from consumer or user service rising
tarot reading Then tarot fortune teller enters mark economical with open rates
forecasting . It means the more many people have curiosity tall so use the Barnum
effect in tarot divination to get feeling happy and satisfied .
In accordance with the exposure on background
behind problem that study about the influence of desire know ( curiosity ) and perception tarot
divination with barnum effect to
trend addiction tarot divination is matter interesting . Predictions can indeed
provide help psychological with give hope from events bad things that happen in
life . However If that hope is not visit real , addictive predictions can turn
into disturbances psychological , such as depression even disturbance soul ,
Goodman (Lesthia, 2016) .
Tarot divination through online, offline or mobile applications are not necessarily true
give answer or description absolute to someone , because description or the
answers given in tarot divination are universal and apply to everyone, or so
-called with barnum effect. Because
of the nature tarot predictions that can provide effect like or happy when the
result good and effect sad If the result No good, like opium medicine that can
make somebody become dependence on tarot divination. Everything done based on
what the tarot reading says . Therefore doing study more about the
influence of desire know (curiosity )
with barnum effect is important
thing done (Hyman, 2017).
Ideally one must have trust self and belief in the
decisions in his life , not depending on tarot predictions which may not be
accurate or correct to follow . So it is necessary in research this is to do
formulation problem . The formulation is as follows problems in research This
is " how much big influence curiosity
or a sense of desire know with barnum
effect to trend addiction tarot divination to tarot lovers in Semarang. So that can done testing in a way
empirical as well as can know direction connection between curiosity with barnum effect
to trend addiction tarot divination .
Research methods
Relationship research between curiosity and barnum effect on trend addiction Tarot predictions for tarot lovers in Semarang is study quantitative . This research performed on the subject men and women who have love of tarot divination with age varies from 18 years until above 60 years . The population in the research conducted This namely the lovers tarot divination in Semarang, includes Semarang city , Semarang district and Salatiga totaling 100 subjects , but there are 8 subjects that are not enter according to the criteria yes set for the subject study This so that only 92 subjects entered as population .
Taking technique sample (sampling ) using the snowball sampling technique, namely data sources that were originally the amount A little Then become enlarge, thing This because of little data source those who are not yet able to provide satisfactory data, then look for other information used as data source (Sugiyono, 2018) .
In the research This data collection is done with questionnaire that is a technique collection information that allows analysis learn attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics some key people within the organization who could be affected by the proposed system or existing system. The type of questionnaire used is questionnaire closed that is the questions given to the subject is already in the form checklist as subject No given opportunity to issue opinion (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2017).
Measurement scale used in research This is scale Likert , namely the scale used to measure curiosity, perception Tarot predictions , Barnum effect and tendencies addiction tarot divination . The scale is made by the researcher himself . The scale that has been created by the researcher made into as tool measure .
Measuring instrument trend addiction tarot divination taken based on aspects trend addiction tarot divination , which consists of from three aspect . There are 36 items in the tool trend addiction tarot divination . Measuring tool barnum effect based on aspects barnum effect, which consists of from three aspects , there are 32 items . Measuring instrument curiosity based on aspects curiosity consisting of from four aspects , there are 40 items . Measuring instrument perception tarot divination based on aspects perception tarot divination , which consists of from three aspects , there are 36 items .
Results and Discussion
In general
overall time implementation study This in progress for 5 months, starting with
existence activity online training about social media marketing that is
followed researcher with one of observations made researcher about
online marketing on social media . One of the trending topics at that time was
existence online tarot predictions that dominate the ratings on one of the
social media namely TikTok. Next researcher do approach to some perpetrator
tarot divination directly and do interview in early November 2023 to
find out to what extent is the role Tarot predictions influence life
somebody especially for lovers forecast tarot.For distribution until with
collection questionnaire done for 5 days via google form from March 23-27,
2024.
From the spread questionnaire
through google form recorded data
there were 100 respondents who were willing fill in . After that, the
researcher conduct screening on characteristics Respondent with provisions that
have been determined by the researcher . There were 8 respondents No enter
criteria because the question has already been asked dijaral / divination with
tarot cards answered by respondents no . So the answer is Respondent not
included in the analysis by the researcher . So that 92 respondents remain
criteria .
From the results of the data can concluded that
individual who fills scale the that is individual with type to;amen man as many
as (45%) and women (55%). If seen from education level then individuals who
have Junior high school education level is only (%). High school (30%), D3
(2%), S1 (55%), S2 (9%), and S3 (1%). With range age from 18 years until with
under 70 years old , with Respondent most range age 31 - 40 years with amount
(33%), then age 41 - 50 years as many as (29%), aged 20-30 as many as (16%), aged
51-60 as many as (14%) and aged 18-20 as many as (2%), as well as aged 61-70 as
many as (2%).
Table 1
Profile Data Characteristics
Subject
|
No |
Profile |
Category |
Amount |
Percentage |
|
1 |
Once tarot reading |
Yes |
92 |
92% |
|
No |
8 |
8% |
||
|
2 |
Age |
18-20 |
2 |
2% |
|
20-30 |
15 |
16% |
||
|
31-40 |
33 |
36% |
||
|
41-50 |
27 |
29% |
||
|
51-60 |
13 |
14% |
||
|
61-70 |
2 |
2% |
||
|
|
Amount |
100% |
||
|
3 |
Gender |
Woman |
51 |
55% |
|
|
|
Man |
41 |
45% |
|
|
|
Amount |
100% |
|
|
4 |
Domicile |
Semarang |
65 |
71% |
|
Semarang Regency |
16 |
17% |
||
|
Salatiga |
11 |
12% |
||
|
|
|
Amount |
100% |
|
|
5 |
Education |
Junior High School |
1 |
1% |
|
|
|
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL |
28 |
30% |
|
|
|
D3 |
2 |
2% |
|
|
|
S1 |
51 |
55% |
|
|
|
S2 |
9 |
10% |
|
|
|
S3 |
1 |
1% |
|
|
|
Amount |
92 |
100% |
Discussion
Data obtained in the study This analyzed by using
the SmartPLS 4 program. In this SmartPLS 4 program there are two evaluations
that is evaluation of measurement models (outer models) and evaluation of
structural models (inner models).
Evaluation of Measurement Model (Outer Model)
Table 2
Loading Value of each
Indicator
|
Indicator |
Loading Value |
P Value |
Information |
|
X,1 |
0.683 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,2 |
0.667 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,3 |
0.686 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,4 |
0.643 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,9 |
0.748 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,12 |
0.814 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,17 |
0.810 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,25 |
0.817 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,26 |
0.674 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,27 |
0.764 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,28 |
0.637 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,33 |
0.714 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,34 |
0.773 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,35 |
0.723 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
X,36 |
0.718 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y7 |
0.644 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y8 |
0.582 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y9 |
0.621 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y20 |
0.750 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y21 |
0.585 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y25 |
0.632 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y27 |
0.655 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y31 |
0.603 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Y33 |
0.618 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z1 |
0.700 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z2 |
0.613 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z3 |
0.563 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z7 |
0.683 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z9 |
0.688 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z14 |
0.681 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z15 |
0.677 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z19 |
0.729 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z20 |
0.749 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
|
Z27 |
0.753 |
<0.001 |
Valid |
Based on the table above, we can known that the indicators obtained are valid , so that testing indicator to latent variables can explained with OK , then will disclosed evaluation results measurement of items that fall in the scale study this is invalid and not reliable ,
1.
Tarot
divination addiction tendency scale
The compilation of the tarot
prediction addiction tendency scale initially consisted of 36 items, after
scoring the scale and analyzing it with SEM PLS 4.0, 9 valid items were
obtained, and the remaining 28 were rejected. The item reliability coefficient
ranged from to
2.
Barnum effect scale
initial compilation of the Barnum effect scale consisted of 30
items. After scoring the scale and analyzing it using SEM PLS 4.0, 11 valid
items were obtained and the remaining 19 items were rejected. The item
reliability coefficient ranged from 0.00 to 0.00.
3.
Curiosity scale
initial curiosity scale consisted of 40 items. After scoring the scale and
analyzing it using SEM PLS 4.0, 15 valid items were obtained and the remaining
25 items were rejected. The item reliability coefficient ranged from 0 to 0.
Validity
Discriminant
Testing validity
discriminant can seen from mark Averange
Variance extracted (AVE),
Table 3
Validity Test
Parameters in PLS Measurement Model
|
Validity Test |
Parameter |
Rule
Of Tumbs |
|
Convergent |
Loading factor |
More from 0.6 |
|
Average
Variance extracted |
More from 0.5 |
|
|
Communal |
More from 0.5 |
|
|
Discriminant |
AVE Root and Correlation |
AVE root > correlation latent
variable |
|
|
Cross
loading |
More from 0.7 in one variable |
Source 2015
Reliability Test
Reliability test done to measure internal consistency of
the tool measure , reliability show accuracy or accuracy a tool measure in
doing Measurement , In this PLS program, 2 methods are used to test reliability
. namely Cronbach's alpha & composite
reliability . The Cronbach's Alpha
value measures the lower limit mark reliability and composite reliability measures mark indeed reliability a construct
. Cronbach's Alpha value >0.70
then the question items in the questionnaire can reliable (reliable ). So is the value composite
reliability > 0.70. With thus can concluded that all constructs own good
reliability . Based on the theory of Hair et al (2015).
Table 4
Test Output
Reliability
|
Variables |
Cronbach's Alpha |
Composite Reliability |
AVE |
Information |
|
Trend addiction
tarot divination |
0.871 |
0.873 |
0.492 |
Valid, reliable |
|
Barnum Effect |
0.893 |
0.895 |
0.511 |
Valid, reliable |
|
Curiosity |
0.938 |
0.942 |
0.539 |
Valid, reliable |
A tool measuring it is said Good if valid and
reliable . The Cronbach's alpha value and composite reliability are above 0.70
then tool measuring This fulfil condition reliability . While AVE or Average Variance Extraced is value to
see validity discriminant , its value must be greater from 0.50 (Sarwono &
Narimawati , 2015).
AVE value for variables trend addiction tarot
divination , barnum effect, curiosity and
perception tarot divination value more or equal to 0.5 then it can be said
valid convergent indicators in forming each. In addition, the value obtained
was also Cronbach's Alpha and CR
which have mark more big from 0.6 for the whole variable . With thus can
concluded that all over variables and items used in the study This fulfil
validity and reliability in the form variable .
Table 5
HTMT – Discriminant Validity
|
|
Barnum
effect |
Curiosity |
Trend addiction tarot divination |
|
Barnum
effect |
|
|
|
|
Curiosity |
0.881 |
|
|
|
Tarot reading addiction tendencies |
0.788 |
0.656 |
|
Based on the table above, for the level discriminant validity achieved that is barnum effect with curiosity 0.881 < 0.90, Barnum
effect with trend addiction tarot prediction 0.788 < 0.90.
HTML value of each partner variable not enough from
0.90 then discriminant validity evaluation of HTMT is met . The variance shared
by the variables more tall against each measuring item compared divided into
variable items others . discriminant validity evaluation with HTMT is fulfilled
.
Table 6
FORNELL - LACKER table
|
|
Barnum
effect |
Curiosity |
Trend addiction tarot divination |
|
Barnum
effect |
0.715 |
|
|
|
Curiosity |
0.823 |
0.734 |
|
|
Trend addiction tarot divination |
0.703 |
0.605 |
0.701 |
The AVE root of the variable must be greater than
big from correlation between construct . The values in the diagonal axis (
written thick ) is AVE root . AVE root for barnum
effect is (0.715) more big from the correlation with variable other ,
things This show that discriminant
validity for variables barnum effect
fulfilled . Curiosity 0.734 more big
from the correlation with variable others , discriminant
validity fulfilled .
Output Path Coefficient and P-Values
Output in the table below is the result of
estimation coefficient path (path coefficient
) and p- value in the column show latent predictor variables . Meanwhile ,
the p- value in the row shows latent variable criterion . The value of the path
coefficient ranges from between 1 and -1, the more approach number 1 then the
more strong relationship ( Gozhali & Latan, 2015). P-values are useful for
seeing probability of HO being accepted or rejected , with range values 0 to 1,
and standard value used is 0.05. If the P-values are more small from
0.05 then HO is rejected and Ha is accepted .
Table 7
Path Coefficients and P-Values
|
Path Coeff |
Trend addiction
tarot divination |
Barnum effect |
Curiosity |
|
CARD |
|
0.251 |
-0.057 |
|
Barnum Effect |
|
|
0.628 |
|
P-Values |
|
|
|
|
CARD |
|
0.111 |
0.611 |
|
Baenum Effect |
|
|
0,000 |
Based on the table above , namely the results of
the research output This show that coefficient track influence barnum effect to trend addiction tarot
predictions of 0.251 and the P- value is 0.111 (>0.01 ) this means no There
is significant influence between barnum
effect with trend addiction Tarot divination . Coefficient track influence curiosity to trend addiction tarot
predictions of -0.057 and the P- value is 0.611 (>0.05 ) this means no There
is significant influence between curiosity
with trend addiction Tarot divination . Coefficient track influence curiosity to barnum effect of 0.628 and the P value is 0.000 (<0.01 ) this
means there is very significant influence between curiosity to barnum effect.
Evaluation of Inner Structural Model (Inner Model)
R² Test
Correlation square (R²) is correlation between two
or more variable independent to variable dependent , R value moves between 0
and 1, meaning is the more approach number 1 then connection between variable
the more tightly , and if approaching 0 then the relationship the more weak ,
Structural model testing is carried out to see connection construct ,
Table 8
Square Value
|
Construct / Variable |
R-Square |
R-Square Adjusted |
|
Trend addiction
tarot divination |
0.738 |
0.725 |
|
Barnum effect |
0.738 |
0.729 |
Based on the table above is known R-Square value
for the variable trend addiction tarot prediction of 0.738, this It means
influence / contribution variable curiosity
and barnum effect to trend
addiction tarot predictions 73.8% while the remaining 26.2% influenced by other
variables outside study This . R-Square value for the variable barnum effect of 0.738 , this means that
73.8% is influenced by the variable curiosity
while the remaining 26.2% influenced by variables outside study .
Hypothesis testing
Retrieval decision to accept or reject A Hypothesis
in PLS is based on the value significance (P-value) and T- table value , to
find out mark significance in application SmartPLS with see mark parameter
coefficients and values significance of t statistic , Criteria reception or
rejection hypothesis is If mark significance tvalue >1.96, and or p-value
<0.05 at the level significance of 5% then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected
, vice versa If t-value <1.96 and or p- value >0.05 at the level significance
of 5% then Ha is rejected and Ho is accepted ,
Hypotheses proposed in the research This is :
Table 9
Path Coefficient direct
|
Track |
Original
Sample (O) |
Sample
Mean (M) |
Standard
Deviation (STDEV) |
T
Statistics (O/STDEV) |
P Values |
Results |
|
Barnum
effect -> Tendency addiction
tarot divination |
0.251 |
0.251 |
0.158 |
1,585 |
0.113 |
Rejected |
|
Curiosity
-> Barnum Effect |
0.628 |
0.634 |
0.069 |
9,131 |
0,000 |
Accepted |
|
Curiosity
-> Tendency addiction tarot
divination |
-0.057 |
-0.062 |
0.115 |
0.499 |
0.618 |
Rejected |
|
Curiosity
-> Barnum effect -> trend
addiction tarot divination |
0.157 |
0.161 |
0.107 |
1,467 |
0.142 |
Rejected |
i. Barnum
effect have influence No
significant to trend addiction forecast tarot of (0.251) with t statistic
(1.585 < 1.96) or P-value (0.113 > 0.05).
ii.Curious have influence significant to Barnum effect of (0.628) with t statistic (9.131 > 1.96) or
P_value (0.000 < 0.05).
iii. Curiosity has influence No significant to trend addiction
tarot predictions , amounting to (-0.057) with t statistic ((0.499 < 1.96)
or P_value (0.618 > 0.05).
iv.Curiosity has influence No significant in a way No direct
to trend addiction tarot prediction of (0.157) with t statistic (1.467 <
1.96) or P value (0.142 > 0.05). Barnum
effect No significant play a role as
mediating variables influence No direct curiosity to trend addiction tarot divination .
Normality test
Normality test obtained mark significance more big
of 5% or 0.05, with thus can concluded that the data has been fulfilled
assumption normally distributed . Assumptions free symptom heteroscedasticity
tested by using the Glejster test . If the sig value > 0.05 then stated No
happen symptom heteroscedasticity . Multicollinearity can known based on value variance inflation factor (VIF);
variable VIF value trend addiction tarot predictions for Barnum effect 3.712 < 10.00 so the assumption is free symptom
multicollinearity , VIF value barnum
effect to curiosity 1,719 <
10.00 so the assumption is free symptom multicollinearity , VIF value of
variables trend addiction tarot predictions for curiosity 3,184 < 10.00 so the assumption is free symptom
multicollinearity .
Table 10
VIF
|
|
Barnum
effect |
Curiosity |
Trend addiction tarot divination |
|
Barnum effect |
|
|
3,712 |
|
Curiosity |
1,719 |
|
3.184 |
|
Trend addiction tarot divination |
|
|
|
Discussion
Hypothesis the first to state There is connection curiosity to trend addiction tarot divination , hypothesis This rejected ( not proven ). This is can seen in table 17, that construct curiosity No have significant influence to trend addiction tarot predictions (O = -0.057 < 1.96 and p value (P value) 0.618 > 0.05.
This research become No along with study previously conducted by Tianinda and friends in their journal entitled commercialization Tarot predictions by tarot readers in Surabaya city explained that objective customer come on tarot reader is Because want to knowing the meaning behind symbols tarot cards , wish know nature and habits couple , until want to know solution from the obstacles experienced by customers on site his work . If explained in a way theoretically using the theory put forward by Foucault who said that knowledge in the form of knowledge Tarot divination has been known to the public for quite some time Surabaya city . The power that was once used just to discipline his body itself is now also used to discipline others. Knowledge This cause effect power big finally able to control thought society (Kamahi 2017) if himself want to see the future then the answer is with come to a tarot reader.
Feeling of desire know push somebody decide to
choose meet someone tarot fortune teller or tarot
reader as compensation satisfaction . Good in search solution to the
problem personal or just want to know only . The journey of human history , the
desire know Keep going grow and develop and not Once satisfied , if One problem
can solved , will arise Another problem awaits . Humans continue ask , and
after know What is next is how and why . Humans in general always have a sense
of desire very big and hard tofu for satisfied . When anything need that human
has achieved , then humans are back to wanting to achieve other needs at
different levels more tall (Valeza, 2017) .
Response data collection results subject being done researcher with scale curiosity Still not enough balanced between score low and high . Scores above 50% of moderate to very high . This means a sense of desire know or curiosity from majority respondents in terms of tarot divination still including high . But through the results of the acquisition response subject from scale trend addiction tarot divination shows higher score low low Because presentation is heading towards very low more tall .
So the hypothesis First This based on response data subjects and results of the original sample data and P-value are mutually exclusive support .
Based on the 95% confidence interval table in intervals 95% confidence in the influence of curiosity to trend addiction tarot divination lies between (-0.052) to with (0.566) percent .
Hypothesis both of which stated There is connection barnum effect to trend addiction tarot divination rejected ( no proven ). This is can seen in table 17, it is known that construct barnum effect have influence that is not significant to trend addiction tarot divination (O=0.251) with t statistic value on the relationship construct This is (1.585 < 1.96) or P-value (0.113 > 0.05).
Results of data collection carried out researcher obtained 2% of subjects score barnum the effect is in the very low category with score below 78, 18% of subjects score barnum the effect is in the category low with score 78 – 85, 55% of subjects score barnum the effect is in the category currently with score 86 – 95, 22% of subjects score barnum the effect is in the category tall with score 96 – 104, and 2% of subjects score barnum the effect is in the very high category with score above 104.
Likewise , the results of the data collection carried out researchers on a scale trend addiction Tarot predictions were obtained by 7% of subjects score trend addiction forecast tarot is in the very low category with score below 87, 22% of subjects score trend addiction forecast tarot in the category low with score 87 – 99, 50% of subjects score trend addiction forecast tarot in the category currently with score 100 – 113, 15% of subjects score trend addiction forecast tarot in the category tall with score 114 – 127, and 7% of subjects score trend addiction forecast tarot is in the very high category with score above 127.
Based on these results the scale created researcher Still Far from perfect Because response subject Still be on the score in progress , thing This it is possible subject not enough truly do or statements made in scale items Barnum effect and trends addiction tarot reading less perfect and ambiguous .
When an individual is in a condition happy , body will emit hormone dopamine related with behavior compulsive and impulsive. The hormone dopamine has a big influence on mood. heart somebody become more happy and joyful . Activities tarot predictions for individuals who like it can influence duration the time that has passed spent . As in the interview results subject at the beginning research that states his experience when follow tarot online on social media tiktok , subject will mens roll Keep going If online predictions that are currently discussed not in accordance with the description himself . But the final result from research This No prove that barnum effect No cause trend addiction tarot divination .
According to research conducted by Goodman in his journal titled neurobiology of addiction discuss about dependence forecast is the result of barnum effect . Change of style life and relationships social create new behavior , which in practice can be excessive or even refers to the form dependency . Dependence on predictions is the result of barnum effect , where somebody look for validation subjective from predictions that could be aimed at a community or group . Effect barnum like someone who reads forecast daily zodiac certain , and feel The prediction is specific to individuals . With thus individual the will feel anxious if forecast the bad and vice versa , happy If the prediction is good .
In the journal state existence synchronization between barnum effect with trend addiction tarot divination that goes against behind with research results This . Possibility other factors outside study this is more dominate related to it barnum effect with trend addiction tarot divination , because Goodman's research was conducted outside Indonesia . Based on the 95% confidence interval table , in the interval 95% confidence influence baarnum effect on trend addiction tarot divination lies between (-0.052) to with (0.566) percent .
Hypothesis the third one stated There is connection curiosity to barnum effect accepted ( proven ). This is can seen in table 17, it is known that construct curiosity have significant influence to barnum effect (O=0.628). With with t statistic value on the relationship construct This is (9.131 > 1.96) and the P value is (0.000 < 0.05).
In the research previously done by Widiastuti et al in his journal influence trust zodiac on spirituality child young (2023) explained about forecast zodiac . Same function with divination using tarot cards , namely A prediction . Conclusion of study the is zodiac present with predict A incident life daily human , so that they will feel more chemistry when reading it and its meaning depends on the angle the view of the writer , or if the tarot predictions match corner view tarot reader However his character Still similar each other so that will different information or the results of reading /writing predictions the from one to another , so that forecast zodiac classified as as too much prediction general and some can feel rationate ( suitable ) with forecast That is it . So that is it . term barnum effect . Young people who follow zodiac ( prediction ) is motivated by curiosity high curiosity , pattern open mindedness , and a willingness to try new things .
Reason many people are obsessed with predictions like tarot is Because want to pay thirst will feel the desire know from situation somebody or the future. Basically the feeling of wanting know human beings who do not will Once dead so that Lots make people like with reading predictions . According to psychologist clinical and hypnotherapist Alexandra Gabriella, M.Psi , Psi. C. Ht , in her explanation to kumparan WOMAN (2019) said those who like with forecast are very anxious people when face uncertainty . So looking for something that is made handle or predictions about the future, while in fact Contents forecast usually nature general or aimed at the crowd , but interpreted personal .
Results of data collection carried out researcher obtained 38% score curiosity is in the category low with score 100 – 115, 32% of subjects category currently with score 115 – 131, 21% category tall with score 132 – 147 and only 10% of subjects score His curiosity is very high . However thus for subjects who have very low score No there is (0%).
Based on the score data rrespon subject and opinion from the expert above then of course There is connection between curiosity and Barnum effect in the confidence interval table with hose 95% confidence , the influence of curiosity on barnum effect lies between (0.494) to with (0.763) messages.
The fourth hypothesis states that There is connection curiosity about trend addiction tarot divination through barnum effect as a mediator rejected ( not proven ). This is can seen in table 17, it is known curiosity have influence that is not significant to trend addiction tarot divination through barnum effect as a mediator (O=0.157) with t statistic value on the relationship construct This is (1.467 < 1.96) or P value (0.142 > 0.05).
On the
hypothesis First There is influence No significant between curiosity to trend addiction tarot divination , but There is
influence significant between curiosity
to barnum effect. It means There is
influence No direct between curiosity
to trend addiction tarot divination through barnum
effect
Conclusion
Based on the
problems and objectives from study as well as connected with research results ,
and data analysis , then can withdrawn conclusion that barnum effect No own connection with trend addiction tarot
divination . However There is connection curiosity
with Barnum effect on tarot lovers in
Semarang, increasingly increase curiosity
or a sense of desire know tarot lovers against tarot divination then the more
increase Barnum effect experienced by
lovers tarot divination in Semarang. So there is also connection between
curiosity to trend addiction tarot
divination , the more tall curiosity
so will the more high tendency addiction tarot predictions that will
experienced by lovers tarot divination in Semarang. There is no connection in a
way No direct between curiosity to
trend addiction tarot divination through barnum
effect.
There is a
tendency addiction tarot predictions for tarot lovers in Semarang because the
influence of curiosity or a sense of
desire know fundamental individual where is the desire don't know yet
stop throughout humans have not yet received satisfaction answers to questions
previously . The role of the barnum
effect as a mediator not so significant in influencing individual in taking
the decision is predicted through Tarot Cards . Relationships No direct between
curiosity to trend addiction tarot
divination with mediation barnum effect
No proven each other support . But there is connection significant between curiosity y towards barnum effect . barnum effect
own influence towards curiosity
individual .
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Copyright holder: Puji Astuti, Mulya Virgonita (2024) |
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First publication right: Advances in Social Humanities Research |
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