Volume 2, No. 5 May 2024 p-ISSN 3032-3037| e-ISSN
3031-5786
Environmental
Care Behavior through Waste Bank (Study at Teratai Waste Bank Pondok Pucung
Sub-district, Pondok Aren District, South Tangerang City)
Alfitra Dewi Anjani,
Budiaman, Achmad Nur Hidayaht
Jakarta State University, DKI Jakarta,
Indonesia
Email: aldafitra678@gmail.com, budiaman.fisunj@gmail.com, achmadnurhidayat@unj.ac.id
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of Waste
Bank Lotus in enhancing community environmental awareness in South Tangerang,
Indonesia. With the escalating waste generation in tandem with population
growth, waste management has emerged as a critical issue exacerbated by limited
landfill capacity. The Lotus Waste Bank initiative seeks to mitigate these
challenges by instilling environmental consciousness among residents. Employing
descriptive research methods, including observation, interviews,
questionnaires, documentation, and literature review, data were gathered from
63 participants selected through purposive sampling. The results reveal that
Waste Bank Lotus has successfully raised community awareness regarding
environmental issues, fostered responsible behaviors in waste, water, and
energy management, and adopted eco-friendly products. Moreover, various
factors, including intention, community support, personal autonomy, access to
information, and favorable conditions, influence community environmental
behavior. Environmental awareness through waste banks entails building
awareness, motivation to act, evaluation, attempted implementation, and
integration into daily routines. This research underscores the pivotal role of
waste banks in promoting sustainable waste management practices and cultivating
a culture of environmental stewardship within communities.
Keywords: Behavior, Environmental Awareness,
Waste Bank
Introduction
Population growth has implications for
meeting the needs of clothing, food and shelter. The rapid rate of population
growth also increases various needs for each person to produce the amount of
waste or residual consumption and the results of activities carried out in the
form of waste. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number. 18 Year 2008, Waste
Management explains that waste is the residue of daily human activities or
natural processes in solid form
According to data from the National
Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) of the Ministry of Environment
(KLKH), the generation of waste produced by Indonesian residents in 2022 was
35.83 million tons, up 6.3 million tons from the previous year, which amounted
to 29.4 million tons
Based on the total national waste
generation in 2022, as much as 62.63% or 22.44 million tons of waste generation
have been managed. Meanwhile, the remaining 37.37%, or around 13.39 million
tons, have not been appropriately managed
Garbage is also a severe problem in
Banten Province. Based on data from the Waste Management Information System
(SIPSN) of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), in 2022, the volume
of waste generation produced by communities in Banten Province reached 2.62
million tons
Then, third place lies in Serang
Regency, which produces 414.58 tons of waste. Next is the city of South
Tangerang, which produces 355 thousand tons of waste. Followed by Lebak
Regency, which produced 215.88 thousand tons of waste, then Serang City, which
produced 213.464 waste, and finally, Cilegon City, which produced 83.16
thousand tons of waste
The waste problem in South Tangerang
City is a record for the entire community because landfills are increasingly
limited. In 2022, South Tangerang City has a population of 1,378,466 people
with a population density of 8,361 per Km²
The Cipeucang Final Processing Site
(TPA) in Serpong, South Tangerang, as one of the official landfills in the
South Tangerang City area, cannot accommodate waste anymore due to limited
land. Janitors can only rely on the garbage layout, so there is still land
available in this area that stretches along 0.8 hectares. However, the waste
that the Cipeucang landfill can accommodate is only around 400 tons per day,
and there are still hundreds of tons of waste that need to be overcome because
quickly the waste will cause environmental pollution such as water and air
pollution, soil degradation, and ecosystem damage that gets worse if not
appropriately managed.
The problem of waste is not only
related to managing and processing waste but also to culture and community behavior.
The behavior of people who tend to be apathetic to the presence of waste around
them causes many ideas to be born to overcome waste-related problems. The
community needs to increase its sense of care for the environment to resolve
all existing problems together. Building community environmental care behavior
is closely related to community empowerment because, in addition to overcoming
waste problems, it also encourages people to have a high sense of activity and
initiative towards the environment.
Seeing this incident, it is necessary
to make an effort so that the waste generation can be appropriately managed and
the waste produced, especially household waste, can be reduced. One of the
efforts can be made through daily activities, such as carrying your bags and
shopping bags, bringing your eating utensils and drinks when buying food and
drinks, not using plastic straws and sorting household waste. Reducing the use
of single-use waste is expected to positively impact the environment.
Various methods have been attempted to
reduce the volume of waste in Indonesia, including forming a waste bank. Based
on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2021, a waste bank is a
facility to manage waste with the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, and recycle) as
a means of education, change, behavior in waste management, and the
implementation of a circular economy formed and managed by the community,
business entities, and/or local governments
Reducing household waste or similar
household waste at the Waste Bank is waste reuse, followed by handling
activities by sorting, transporting, and managing waste. All forms of waste
reduction and handling activities are adjusted to the type of waste managed by
the Waste Bank. The implementation of waste bank activities is structured,
comprehensive, and sustainable, which includes waste reduction and handling to
improve public health, environmental quality, and environmentally caring behavior,
and make waste as goods that have value. The purpose of this writing is to find
out how behavior is formed and find out the process of forming environmentally
caring behavior through waste banks.
With research conducted by
Research Methods
This research adopts
a descriptive approach to depict the behavior and process of forming
environmental awareness in the Pondok Pucung community through the Teratai
Waste Bank in South Tangerang, Indonesia. Data were collected through
questionnaire dissemination, interviews, observations, and documentation.
Descriptive statistics were used to organize and analyze numerical data to
provide a clear picture of the phenomena under investigation. The research was
conducted at the Teratai Waste Bank located in Pondok Pucung Village, Pondok
Aren District, South Tangerang City. The research subjects were selected from
the population of Teratai Waste Bank customers who had been actively saving for
the past year, totaling approximately 170 individuals. A sample of 63
individuals was chosen using a purposive sampling technique based on the Slovin
formula. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires,
literature review, and documentation. Closed-ended questionnaires with Likert
scales were used to measure respondents' attitudes and opinions. Data were then
analyzed by categorizing based on the mean and standard deviation using five
categories: shallow, low, moderate, high, and very high. Percentages were
calculated based on the frequency of responses in each category. Data analysis
was conducted to understand environmental awareness behavior and the influence
of certain factors.
Results
and Discussion
Characteristics of Respondents
Of the 63 respondents, the distribution of
respondents by gender is known to be as many as 81% of respondents are women
and 19% of respondents are men. Of the 63 respondents who filled out the
questionnaire distribution of respondents based on age, it was known that most
respondents were around 45 years old, as many as 56% or 35 people, then
respondents with ages in the range of 39-45 years, as many as 24% or 15 people.
Then, in the range of 21 - 26 years, as many as 13% or eight people, the range
of 33 - 38 years, as much as 5% or three people, and finally, in the range of
27 - 32 years, as many as 3% or two people.
Of the 63
respondents, the distribution of respondents based on education is known to be
as many as 46% or 29 respondents took Bachelor education 1 / 2 / 3 / equivalent, then 35%
or 22 respondents took high school / equivalent education. As many as 11% or seven
respondents took Diploma I / II / III / IV / Equivalent, and the last 8% or five
people took Junior High School / Equivalent.
Research
Analysis Results
Research on factors and forms of community environmental
care behavior formed through the Lotus Waste Bank program is measured through
several indicators. The dimensions of factors that influence behavior are seen
through indicators based on Karr's theory (in Winarni and Rusyan 2022), namely
intention, community support, affordable information, personal freedom, and
possible conditions. Then, the dimension of the form of environmentally caring behavior
is taken based on the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
(in the Central Bureau of Statistics, 2018), a government body that is
responsible for environmental protection, explaining efforts to protect and
develop the environment by increasing the contribution of environmentally
caring behavior from individuals and communities Seen through behavior towards water use, waste
management, energy use, and eco-product utilization.
Factors
influencing environmental care behavior
Existence of Intention (Intention)
A person's intention
will influence his behavior in increasing his concern for the environment. The
influence of intention in community environmental care behavior through waste
banks found that from 63 respondents, as many as 75% or 47 respondents had
desires or intentions that were in the very high category in caring for the
environment. As many as 24% or 15 respondents had a high category. As many as
2% or one person was in the medium category. Based on this percentage, it can
be concluded that most respondents already have very high intentions in
themselves, increasing concern for the surrounding environment.
Surrounding Community Support (social
support)
In running a
community life, a person needs to get encouragement from the surrounding
community to do something. The influence of community support in shaping
community environmental care behavior through waste banks found that out of 63
respondents, as many as 70% or 44 people had a very high category. As many as
30% or 19 people had a high category. Based on the answers given by
respondents, it can be concluded that the support of the surrounding community
is very influential in the formation of environmentally caring behavior,
especially related to waste management. The existence of facilities provided by
waste banks makes people more confident about doing this without fear of
thinking about other people's views.
Accessibility of Information
The availability of
information about waste banks will affect the action someone will take. The
effect of affordable information on environmental care behavior can be seen in
that of 63 respondents; as many as 60% or 38 respondents have a very high
category, then 38% or 24 people have a category, and as many as 2% or one
person have a medium category. Based on respondents' answers, it can be seen
that the ease of obtaining information affects environmental care behavior.
Various information provided by waste banks opens people's minds about the
importance of having environmental awareness.
Personal Freedom (personal autotomy)
The effect of
personal freedom on environmental care behavior can be seen in that of the 63
respondents, as many as 60% or 38 respondents fall into the very high category,
and 40% or 25 respondents fall into the high category. Based on the answers
given by respondents, the freedom of a person to make decisions without
coercion from others will affect the actions of that person, and he will not
feel burdened with policies made by others. That way, they will be more willing
to care about the surrounding environment.
Possible conditions (action situation)
In acting, the right conditions and
situations are needed. The influence of possible conditions on environmental
care behavior can be seen in that of the 63 respondents; as many as 73% or 46
people have a very high category, then 22% or 14 people have a high category,
and the remaining 5% or three people have a medium category. Based on the
answers given by respondents, surrounding conditions will encourage someone to
do something, and most respondents assume that they are worried about the
surrounding environment after seeing problems with waste.
Forms
of environmentally caring behavior formed through waste bank programs.
Waste management
Waste management can be interpreted as a recycling process
to process solid waste, which includes the separation, collection, processing,
distribution, and manufacturing of used goods into something profitable. The
influence of waste management on environmental concerns can be seen in that of
the 63 respondents. As many as 71% of respondents, or 45 people, have a very
high category. As many as 24% of respondents, or 16 people, have a high
category, and the remaining 3% or two people, have a medium category. Based on
the answers given by respondents, excellent and correct waste management will
affect the environmental care behavior of the surrounding community.
Water management
Water utilization and management are
essential indicators in seeing the community's environmental care behavior
because the clean water crisis can be seen from the malfunction of wells as
water sources, decreasing groundwater discharge, reduced groundwater supply,
and reduced water catchment areas, causing drought in the dry season and floods
in the rainy season. The influence of water management on environmental concern
can be seen from 63 respondents; as many as 89% of respondents, or 56 people,
have a very high category, and as many as seven people or 11%, have a high
category. Based on the answers given by respondents, most respondents were
influenced to behave environmentally caring in water management, such as being
happy and enthusiastic about planting plants and using clean water to avoid
disease.
Energy
management
Energy waste is still a serious problem
because people tend to throw away an item and buy it when they need it rather
than recycle it. Therefore, energy management behavior is one of the indicators
used to measure environmental care behavior. The influence of energy management
on environmental concern can be seen in that of the 63 respondents; as many as
67% or 42 people have a very high category, then as many as 27% or 17 people
have a high category, and the remaining 6% of respondents or four people have a
medium category. Based on the answers given by respondents, most respondents
are influenced to behave environmentally caring in energy management, such as
using energy-saving lamps, turning off electricity when not in use, and minimizing
energy use so that waste does not occur.
Eco-product
Using or consuming eco-products
consists of awareness, attention, interest, and action. Awareness of
environmentally friendly consumption or eco-products, for example, realizing
the dangers of using a product with too many essential ingredients. Attention
refers to how someone responds to the problem of using such consumer goods.
Interest means reducing the use of environmentally unfriendly packaging with
the aim of avoiding risks that will be accepted. The effect of the use of
eco-product goods on environmental concern is known that of the 63 respondents,
as many as 43% or 27 people are in the very high category, then 43% or 27
people are also in the high category, and the remaining 14% or nine people are
in the medium category. Based on the answers given by respondents, public
interest in eco-products is said to be quite good. This is because most people
strongly agree to recycle inorganic waste rather than directly dispose of it
without being treated first.
Discussion
The intention and awareness that exist in a person are the
most significant factors in increasing concern for the environment. When the
person is aware of the importance of protecting the environment around him,
then he will always think about the impact that will occur when he does
something. Ibu Sunarti, one of the interviewees, said that concern for the
environment is a form of her responsibility to the surrounding environment. In
addition, after seeing various environmental problems that often occur at this
time, people become aware that if our environment is not maintained, it will
have a negative impact on the surrounding environment.
Mr Heri felt sorry and uncomfortable if there were people
who littered around his home environment, even when the person was in the car.
If this were not prevented, then the accumulated garbage would gradually have a
destructive impact on sewers or water disposal so that it would cause flooding.
He also said that the ethics of caring for the environment need to be applied
to ourselves as early as possible. Therefore, it must begin in the smallest
sphere, namely our own family.
Mrs. Diah, the administrator and customer of the Lotus
Waste Bank, said that the presence of this waste bank, in addition to making
her interact more often with many other people to exchange ideas about caring
for the environment, various programs in the waste bank, such as waste
management, cultivation of toga plants and other plants also have a positive
impact on her daily life in protecting the surrounding environment. Awareness
of waste management allows most people to reuse inorganic waste to be processed
into something useful and not waste food waste and other organic waste because
it can be used as maggot feed cultivated by the Lotus Waste Bank or compost and
eco-enzymes.
In addition to
awareness and intention in oneself, the support of the surrounding community
will also significantly affect one's actions and behavior. With the motivation,
education, and socialization provided by the Lotus Waste Bank, the community
has become more interested in taking action to improve environmental care. This
is because if the behavior does not get support from the community, then his
efforts in acting can be said to be less than optimal. The community needs to
gain legitimacy so that it does not become the subject of other people's
conversations and makes them more confident in doing something; besides that,
community support is vital so that this environmentally caring behavior is not
in vain and gets mutual benefits.
In the questionnaire
that has been distributed, most respondents agreed that the behavior of concern
for the environment is increasing after participating in the activities at the
Lotus Waste Bank, in addition to the facilities provided by the Lotus Waste
Bank in supporting skills such as sorting waste by type, training in recycling
waste, conducting hydroponic cultivation, and other activities are one of the
innovations so that the views of the community who Considering waste as a
trivial thing becomes a valuable thing. Then, support from both the surrounding
community and the community institution itself will also make someone more
confident and motivated to carry out caring behavior for the environment.
The results of
interviews with resource persons consisting of the chairman and customers of
the Lotus Waste Bank also said that the support from the Lotus Waste Bank, such
as socialization, education, training and skills, as well as invitations to
love the surrounding environment more which is carried out every day through
various means and media made them moved in implementing environmentally caring behavior.
One of the goals to be achieved by several resource persons is at least
maintaining cleanliness both from home as the closest place to community life
and the surrounding environment wherever they are.
The program from the
Lotus Waste Bank can be said to have succeeded in improving the community's
environmental care behavior. However, an evaluation is still needed so that the
program runs well. This evaluation is a benchmark for success between the Lotus
Waste Bank program itself and its customers or members. The Lotus Waste Bank
provides freedom and openness to customers to express their input and opinions
so that the general public can accept the continuity of the waste bank program.
With this evaluation, of course, the public, especially customers, increasingly
believe in the education delivered by the Lotus Waste Bank.
After the community
and the Lotus Waste Bank trust each other and are open, the programs in the
Lotus Waste Bank can be applied in everyday life. Mrs Tyas, one of the
customers of the Lotus Garbage Bank since its establishment, thinks that after
she participated in the activities at the Lotus Garbage Bank, she became more
concerned with the cleanliness of the surrounding environment, primarily
related to waste problems, for example when she felt that the environment around
her house was dirty because of scattered garbage such as used bottles and
plastic, Mrs Tyas preferred to collect it first to be weighed later at the
Lotus Waste Bank. The thought that has
been formed after he became a customer is one form of his concern for the
environment.
Collecting some
inorganic waste to be weighed in the waste bank, of course, will help reduce
waste that will be taken to the final processing site (TPA) because only waste
that cannot be recycled goes to the landfill so that we can minimize the
generation of waste generated from households. Most people warmly welcomed the
presence of the Lotus Garbage Bank. Various positive impacts of the Lotus Waste
Bank programs can be seen with the naked eye. For example, waste that was just
thrown into the final processing site without prior selection has had many
changes; now, waste that can still be recycled and has value is collected first
and then weighed to be exchanged into a balance in the form of money. The
balance is a form of appreciation and reward given to customers as a result of
collecting inorganic waste and minimizing the generation of household waste in
the surrounding community.
Education and
innovation carried out by the Lotus Waste Bank have been carried out
continuously until now so that public concern for the environment is increasing
and does not break in the middle of the road. Although education in the
community is not accessible, the Lotus Waste Bank can overcome this well. For
example, education and guidance in sorting inorganic waste by type is carried
out for one full year, starting from the establishment of the Lotus Waste Bank.
Initially, the waste deposited into the Lotus Waste Bank was still often mixed
and did not go through waste sorting first. However, now, the waste deposited
by customers to the Lotus Garbage Bank is in accordance with its type and is in
a neat state. The community accepted the change in their behavior and positive
actions towards the environment after the presence of the Lotus Waste Bank.
Conclusion
The existing program at the Lotus Waste
Bank has a positive impact on increasing awareness of the surrounding
community's environment. Based on respondents who have been distributed to 63
respondents, most people strongly agree with the sustainability of the programs
in the Lotus Waste Bank. The awareness and intention that originate in a person
are the most critical factors in changing behavior. Support and ease of
information from the Lotus Waste Bank in the form of education and provision of
facilities and others are present so that the community is motivated and moved
to change behavior that was initially still apathetic to the problems that
exist in the surrounding environment to be more concerned with the benefits of
the surrounding environment. This can be seen after the existence of the Lotus
Waste Bank; the community prefers to manage organic waste into maggot feed or
compost and inorganic waste to be recycled back into items that can be used or
collected for re-weighing. In addition, the Lotus Waste Bank has continuously
instilled a sense of concern for the environment in the community through
processing and education programs about organic and inorganic waste since 2016.
Currently, 1 in 3 residents of RW 04 have routinely sorted and processed inorganic
waste to be deposited every month into the Lotus Waste Bank.
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Alfitra
Dewi Anjani, Budiaman, Achmad Nur Hidayaht (2024) |
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