Volume 2, No. 4 April 2024

p-ISSN 3032-3037| e-ISSN 3031-5786

The Phenomenon Of Doom That Befell The 'Ad In The Qur'an (Thematic Method)

Muhammad Thoriqul Islam¹, Nurdiyanto², Luqyana Yulizar³, Nawa Marjany⁴, Safiruddin Al Baqi⁵, Khoula Azwary⁶

^1,3,4Darussalam Gontor University, East Java, Indonesia

²UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

⁵Ponorogo Islamic Institute, East Java, Indonesia

⁶UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Email: islamthoriqul95@gmail.com¹, nurdinyantopamekser@gmail.com², luqyana.yulizar@gmail.com³, nawamarjany@gmail.com⁴, albaqi@iainponorogo.ac.id⁵, olaaazw45@gmail.com⁶

Abstract

The Qur'an is the greatest miracle revealed by Allah SWT to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a guide for mankind. One of the main focuses of the Qur'an is to teach people about the worship of Allah, to warn against sins, and to give instructions for doing good in personal and social life. The phenomena and stories contained in the Qur'an are not just fairy tales but are a source of wisdom and knowledge that can be taken by humans. Through observation and understanding of the verses of the Qur'an, people are invited to draw closer to Allah and learn from the stories of the previous people. One example of the story recorded in the Qur'an is the destruction of the people of 'Ad, whom the Prophet Hud sent to warn them against idolatry. Despite warnings, the people of 'Ad remained in defiance, so Allah inflicted torment on them in the form of dark clouds that brought no rain but strong winds and destruction.

Keywords: Qur'an, Miracles, People of 'Ad, Prophet Hud

Introduction

The Qur'an is a miracle revealed by Allah SWT to our lord, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), as a guide for mankind and to lead the righteous path that Allah preaches. The Qur'an teaches man how to serve Allah to cleanse himself of his sins. Allah's punishment will be given to man who does not obey His commandments and guide man in how to do good in his personal life and in dealing with society (Darmayanti & Suyitno, 2023).

The Qur'an contains phenomena and stories that happened to early humans. Phenomena and stories contained in the Qur'an should not only be read as fairy tales but must be understood and studied so as to draw new wisdom and knowledge from these phenomena and stories. Phenomena are not always told directly but gradually or repeatedly according to phenomena and causes according to the purpose of the story. The Qur'an teaches people to draw closer to Allah by meditating on His verses and drawing wisdom from previous human phenomena and stories (Mattson, 2013).

The Qur'an tells of a phenomenon that befell the previous people because they perished. The reason for their destruction was because they had tyrannized God. This person has been described in the Qur'an, including the people of the Prophet Hud, and he is the people of Ad. Scholars agree that the Ads lived before the Tsamuds. The society of the 'Ad was an Arab society that was pagan in worshipping idols. The people of 'Ad do not acknowledge in their lives the oneness of God and that He is the Creator of the universe. But they made three kinds of idols, namely Shamud, Shadam, and Hira, and they worshipped their god; according to their belief, these idols could help them and give them good and profit and could keep away from evil people and all calamities. So Allah Almighty sent Prophet Hud to warn the people of 'Ad and command them to worship Allah and forsake idols and not to associate Allah. But they denied it, disobeyed it, and humiliated it. Then God inflicted torment on them (Aeni et al., 2022).

Although they had previously been warned through the sermon of Prophet Hud, they were not daunted by the warning delivered by Prophet Hud and continued to reject his speech. Finally, God tormented them with initial torment. They began to see thick clouds, and above them, thick black clouds greeted them with pleasure. They also thought that the clouds were rain that would give them mercy. However, it turned out that the cloud was a doom that God sent down to them. They don't understand what will happen to them (Aeni et al., 2022). The story of the destruction that befell them is mentioned in the word of Allah in Sura Al-Ahqaf verse 24.

فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ عَارِضًا مٌّسْتَقْبِلَ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ قَالُوْا هَذَاعَارِضٌ مُّمْطِرُنَا بَلْ هُوَمَا اسْتَعْجَلْتُمْ بِهِ رِيْحٌ فيْهَاعَذَابٌ أَلِيْمٌ(24) (Mahliatussikah, Murtadho, Nasih, & Istiqomah, 2020).

It is mentioned in the narration that previously prolonged torture befell them. Therefore, when God gave them a dark cloud, they rejoiced because they believed that it would soon rain, which meant that food shortages would soon occur. However, their guess was not what they had guessed before. It turned out that the dark clouds did not rain but made a very loud sound accompanied by strong gusts of wind and cold air. Even windstorms can destroy things, such as buildings, animals, and plants (Altaf, 2023).

Research Methods

The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature study approach, known as a literature review. This study aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesize previous works related to the theme of the Phenomenon of Doom recorded in the Quran, using thematic methods. This theme was chosen to explore the phenomenon of doom that befell the 'ad in the Qur'an. Data sources used in this study include books, journals, proceedings, magazines, and articles related to the theme studied.

In analyzing data, researchers use thematic analysis techniques. This technique is carried out through three stages or steps, namely: first, the compare stage, where researchers look for similarities from several reading sources that have been collected. Second is the contrast stage, where researchers look for differences from several reading sources and draw conclusions from those comparisons. Finally, the criticism stage is where researchers provide opinions based on the results of the analysis of readings that have been collected, with the aim of deepening the understanding of the phenomenon of doom expressed in the Quran.

Thus, this study explores insights into the phenomenon of doom contained in the Quran through an in-depth literature review, using qualitative approaches and thematic methods to analyze the data that has been collected.

Results and Discussion

Biography of Prophet Hud and History of the Ad

In the Qur'an, "Hud" is mentioned seven times in a number of suras, including Surat Al-A'raf and Surat As-Shu'ara, and there is one whole surah called Surat Hud, and Allah sent it to a great tribe of giants called the tribe of "Ad." Ad was one of the dead Arab tribes, descended from the son of Shem bin Noah and given this name in reference to one of his ancestors, Ad bin Awad Aram bin Sam (Hammadi, n.d.).

Hud's lineage is Hud bin Saleh bin Arpakhshadh bin Sem bin Noah. It is said that Hud was Eber bin Shalikh bin Arfakhshadh bin Sem bin Noah, and Ibn Jarir said: Hud bin Abdullah bin Rabah al-Jaroud bin Ad bin Uz bin Sam bin Noah (Aeni et al., 2022).

'Ad was quite senior in society; his lineage was utilized, and thus he met Shem, the son of Noah. The Ad tribe was an ancient tribe, and at that time, the dating system was not widely used, making it difficult to identify their killers. However, the Ad people are believed to have lived around 2200-1500 BC (Demichelis, 2022).

The Hud tribe comes from a tribe named "Ad bin Aush bin Sam bin Noah." They are Arab people who live in the sandy mountains of Yemen, between Oman and Hadramawt, in an area along the coast called Shahar, and their valley is called Al-Mughit (Podhoretz, 2018). It was the abode of the people of 'Ad In the land of Al-Ahqaf, the mountains of sand on the right. From the south of the Arabian Peninsula, it lies north of Hadhramaut. To the north is the current area. To its east is Oman, and the location of their current country is sand, without Anis or Samir, after which civilization and eternal happiness (Handayani, 2009).

They also lived in the land of the iram, that is, the iram in that city revolved around that land, and it was a time in the Levant, in Yemen, in the Hejaz, and sometimes in other cities, and they moved places of the event, and said that there was no evidence, no reliable evidence, and no reliable documents (Aeni et al., 2022). Al-Mujahid said that "Iram" was the previous nation. That is, the people return to the first stage. Haykal Ibn Du'am and Al-Sadd say that "Iram" is the royal house of the people of 'Ad. God said:

أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ (6) إِرَمَ ذَاتِ العِمَادِ (7) الَّتِيْ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى البِلَادِ (8)

This verse shows that the people of 'Ad were a gigantic and powerful tribe, and Allah only exalted their bodies, and they were luxurious in life, and they built luxurious palaces and built palaces and fortresses, and they had fertile gardens and flowing springs, and they were immersed in happiness, they enjoyed luxury and luxury, and it is narrated that the Qur'an describes the manifestations of grace and luxury that they experienced (Parwanto et al., 2023). They were also able to construct large buildings that had never existed before (HB, 2020).

Da'wah of Prophet Hud to the people of 'Ad

The Ad people are known as a nation with a high civilization that has never existed before. They are also known to be fond of building mansions. However, they build luxurious buildings not for their needs; rather, they build them only to channel hobbies and to affirm their social status. But they also like to molest. As it says in the Qur'an:

أَتَبْنُونَ بِكُلِّ رِيعٍ ءَايَةً تَعْبَثُونَ (128) وَتَتَّخِذُونَ مَصَانِعَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَخْلُدُونَ (129) وَإِذَا بَطَشْتُم بَطَشْتُمْ جَبَّارِينَ (130)

The Qur'an also mentions that the Ad people were always arrogant, often acted arbitrarily by challenging others to physical fights, and did not believe in the existence of Allah (Ratoni, 2021). They also made three kinds of idols, namely Shamud, Shadam, and Hira, and they worshipped their god; according to their belief, these idols can bring happiness, goodness, and wind and can drive away evil and all calamities.

The 'Ad was rude, disobedient, arbitrary, and went to extremes in worshipping idols. So Allah sent Hud, a man in his own group, to invite them to serve Allah sincerely, but they denied, opposed, and insulted him. Finally, Allah punished them with strong doom (Podhoretz, 2018).

There are several strong reasons behind the sending of Prophet Hud to the Ad, as mentioned in the Qur'an:

فَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ ٱلْحَقِّ وَقَالُوا مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَكَانُوا بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ (15)

The word "arrogant" means to feel very powerful, as if you don't have the power to do something worth highlighting (El-Samie & Rahman, 2022). This state arises because they feel a strong physical and intellectual dominance. They even believed that they would be able to endure the torment God had given them (Andriansyah & Permadi, 2022). It also shows that his love for worldly things is so high that it can take a person beyond the limits of existence (Al-Lahham & Mohieldin, 2023).

Therefore, Allah sent one of them, the Prophet Hud, as described in the Qur'an:

وَإِلَىٰ عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُودًا قَالَ يَٰقَوْمِ ٱعْبُدُوا ٱللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُۥٓ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ (65) قَالَ ٱلْمَلَأُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن قَوْمِهِۦٓ إِنَّا لَنَرَىٰكَ فِى سَفَاهَةٍ وَإِنَّا لَنَظُنُّكَ مِنَ ٱلْكَٰذِبِينَ (66)

In another verse Allah Almighty says:

وَإِلَىٰ عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُودًا قَالَ يَٰقَوْمِ ٱعْبُدُوا ٱللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُۥٓ إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا مُفْتَرُونَ (50) يَٰقَوْمِ لَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلَّذِى فَطَرَنِىٓ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ (51)

The above two verses show that the first verse that the Prophet Hud called for, like the previous prophets, was the history of monotheism and his appeal to monotheism. Al-Razi said that although there is no proof of God's existence because God's existence is a self-evident truth, His existence cannot be denied by human nature. A small number of people do not believe in the existence of God. Therefore, the call to monotheism must not be preceded by preliminary evidence pointing to the existence of God (Al-Lahham & Mohieldin, 2023). But the Ad denies this.

When Prophet Hud commanded them to worship Allah and encouraged them to obey Him and ask Him for forgiveness, Prophet Hud promised the good of the world and the Hereafter, threatening to punish anyone who opposed it in this world and the Hereafter. According to the Ad, the teachings of the Prophet Hud were absurd compared to their idolatry because they hoped that the presence of idols could provide help and sustenance. In addition, they also suspected that Prophet Hud had lied about his statement that Allah sent Prophet Hud as an apostle (Admizal, 2023).

The claims and beliefs of the Adads against Hud are completely untrue. Prophet Hud was not a madman, but he was God's messenger to all nature. According to Prophet Hud, in delivering the mandate must be delivered in clear, concise and comprehensive words and not the slightest cause ambiguity, differences and gaps. It is not at the core of what it is trying to convey and should not be added or subtracted (Nurhayati, 2023).

Although delivering Allah's message in the form of very sincere and loving advice, Prophet Hud hoped that his people would get a miracle. Prophet Hud conveyed this sincere appeal and advice only to Allah. Prophet Hud did not receive any reward or reward from them, but he only expected a reward from the Lord of hosts who sent him because the welfare of this world and the Hereafter and all affairs are also in his hands (Podhoretz, 2018).

That is why Prophet Hud said in the Qur'an:

يَٰقَوْمِ لَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَى ٱلَّذِى فَطَرَنِىٓ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ (51)

The above verse explains that the Prophet Hud called upon the people of 'Ad to the truth approved by nature, where you were created according to nature. Whoever opposes the religion of truth will perish. Hud called upon people to return to the true religion without expecting anything from it, and only Allah would reward him (Reynolds, 2020).

After Prophet Hud delivered his da'wah, the people of 'Ad said in the Qur'an:

وَيَا قَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا وَيَزِدْكُمْ قُوَّةً إِلَىٰ قُوَّتِكُمْ وَلَا تَتَوَلَّوْا مُجْرِمِينَ (52)

According to 'Ad, Prophet Hud did not perform miracles as proof of the truth of the teachings conveyed by Prophet Hud. In fact, calling for monotheism does not require miracles but requires contemplation and devotion of the spirit, as well as good reasoning according to the demands of common sense (Reynolds, 2020). They will also not give up on idolatry because the words of Prophet Hud are not supported by any proposition or argument. They believe Prophet Hud was infatuated with his words. They also believe that the incident that happened to Prophet Hud was because their God was angry with Prophet Hud, so his mind became damaged and affected by madness (Newby, 2022).

This was the challenge that Prophet Hud faced to his people as a form of humiliation to their gods. Prophet Hud also explained that their Lord could not benefit or harm in the slightest. Since their idols are inanimate objects, their laws and functions are no different from those of inanimate objects. If true, the words 'Ad' refer to when idols are able to help, benefit, and harm. Then, Prophet Hud would confront him and curse all these idols (Eidan & Hussain, 2023).

Prophet Hud surrendered to Allah, asked Him for help, and had faith in His embrace. He would never lose anyone who turned to Him and hoped only in Him. These words of Prophet Hud are also clear evidence that Prophet Hud was the Messenger of Allah, but his people were in ignorance and heresy because they worshiped other than Allah and were unable to demonize or harm Hud. This signifies that Prophet Hud is righteous, and the customs of his people are arrogant and corrupt (Ansari & Coruh, 2020).

For The Descent Of Doom To The People Of 'Ad

يقول الحق تبارك وتعالى: كَذَّبَتْ عَادُ الْمُرْسَلِيْنَ (123) اِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ اَخُوْهُمْ هُوْدٌ اَلَا تَتَّقُوْنَ (124 ) اِنِّيْ لَكُمْ رَسُوْلٌ اَمِيْنٌ (125)

In this verse, it is seen that the 'Ad lie because of the falsehood of the Apostle; they are considered to lie to all the Apostles in matters of agreed doctrine and morals, which are considered problems that are appropriate to the environment and society, and what the 'Ad do is a people, and a people is usually associated with a famous and noble father, hence 'Ad is the father of the people. It can be called a people. This lie happened to the Ad people when his brother Hud came to them at the invitation of God Almighty, as if he was robbing them of their piety towards God, which meant asking them to be a godly God and telling them to denounce them (Armstrong, 2023).

قوله تعالى: اَتَبْنُوْنَ بِكُلِّ رِيْعٍ اٰيَةً تَعْبَثُوْنَ ۙ (128) وَتَتَّخِذُوْنَ مَصَانِعَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَخْلُدُوْنَ (129)

What is meant by "rent" from this verse is a high place, and the verse about buildings is that they build palaces, verses about creativity and art, architecture and construction, purity and luxury, spacious and high, They build factories and large buildings as if they were immortal in this world. This verse makes it clear that their discomfort is not just a belief but one with their behavior. The meaning of "Abbas" refers to everything that has no real purpose (Aaleh, 2023).

Therefore, the habit of the 'ad in building houses is not based on actual needs but only based on their desires, which are built deliberately. In addition, they tend to be rude towards people who don't think like them.

Al-Biqai says, meaning "لَعَلَّكُمْ تَخْلُدُوْنَ" They are very happy to build luxurious and durable homes when, in the end, they will experience destruction over time. So when they spend their energy and attention on it, they seem to expect eternity in this world (Hasibuan, 2021). In other words, they do not believe in the coming of death, and this is impossible to deny. However, it was his attitude that showed his disbelief in his death.

From the whole story of the Adians, Shaddiq concluded that wealth, prosperity, scientific and technological expertise, and economic and military power could destroy spiritual and moral power for the community. All of this brings positive energy when coupled with the growth of a higher awareness that the source of all sources of power surpasses human dominion and God, whose laws must be obeyed. In addition, this awareness is able to arouse a sense of inferiority towards a very great substance so that a sense of love and brotherhood arises between human beings (Sinai & Ringgren, 2020).

These people have three qualities, and these qualities have one quality: breeding and appreciation. They build above and build great fortresses as if they were immortal in the world and if they face brutality, violence and no mercy. They want to take on qualities that draw them closer to divine attributes because they are no more valuable than truth. They want to perpetuate those qualities because they want to exalt them and maintain immortality. They are arrogant because they want to be unique from others, which is contrary to what God wants from His servants (Dinet & Ibrahim, 2022).

Therefore, returnees want to be lifted up and immortalized or left betrayed and cruel without mercy, but it is God's grace that whenever those who follow in the footsteps of those who were once apostles miss it, God sends them. A messenger to remind them of the road. It is a caliphate in which messengers are sent to respond to the negligence of the people and remind them to follow the way of Allah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) reminded the returnees that Allah's mercy be upon them and that He did not abandon them because of their deception and disbelief. Still, Allah Almighty sent to them an apostle who would remind them of Allah and return them to Him. Road. In previous countries, if people lied to their Apostles and opposed them, God would destroy them (Younes & Shehab, 2022).

Thus, it can be understood that the main cause of the destruction of the Ad was their arrogance towards the superiority of the quality of science and technology, especially in the field of architecture. It is this attitude that makes them look down on the other side, as happened to Prophet Hud. In addition, the superiority of technology also encourages them to live luxuriously, regardless of the truth narrated by Prophet Hud, namely the cry that Prophet Hud brought to his people due to his imprisonment and lies.

Analysis according to Classical Exegesis

Tafsir Fathul Qadir Al Jami' Baina Fanni Ar Riwayah wa Ad Dirayah from the Science of Tafsir Imam Syaukani.

كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِيْ وَنُذُرِ (18) اِنَّآ اَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيْحًا صَرْصَرًا فِيْ يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ مُّسْتَمِرٍّ (19) تَنْزِعُ النَّاسَ كَاَنَّهُمْ اَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ مُّنْقَعِرٍ (20).

In the tafsir of Imam Syaukani Explaining Surah Al-Qamar verses 18-20 about the word of the Almighty: (كَذَّبَتْ عَادُThey are the people of 'Ad. فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِيْ وَنُذُر That is: Listen to how my doom and rebuke are to them, and follow the source of the meaning of that rebuke, with the progress of understanding, and question things that are excessive and exaltation. And he said: (اِنَّآ اَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيْحًا صَرْصَرًا) . This verse explains what I have summarized earlier about torment, and its meaning "صرصر" has two meanings. The first is the intensity of the cold, meaning the wind is very cold, and the second is the intensity of the sound. He made his statement in Surat as-Sajadah (فِيْ يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ مُّسْتَمِرٍّ) means that his constant unpleasant whispers continued on them, and they smelled that day.

Al-Zajjaj said this torture took place on Wednesday at the end of the month. Al-Dahhak said what was meant by "يوم النحاس" was a bitter day for them. Al-Kasa'i also narrated to people that they said It comes from bitterness, so he said: It is from bitterness in the sense of strength. What is meant by "تنزع الناس" is to get them out of the ground from under their feet and uproot the palm tree from its roots. Mujahid said He used to take them off the ground, throw them over their heads, drape them around their necks, and reveal their heads from their bodies. It says: They took people out of their houses and stayed in their homes. Graves because they dig holes and enter them (Al-Agry, 2020).

As for another letter that discusses the destruction of the 'Ad, Allah Almighty says:

وَاَمَّا عَادٌ فَاُهْلِكُوْا بِرِيْحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَاتِيَةٍ (6) سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَّثَمٰنِيَةَ اَيَّامٍ حُسُوْمًا فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيْهَا صَرْعٰى كَاَنَّهُمْ اَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ (7)

Imam al-Shaukani said in his tafsir: (وَاَمَّا عَادٌ فَاُهْلِكُوْا بِرِيْحٍ صَرْصَرٍ) The people of 'Ad were the people of the Prophet Hud, and a declaration was issued about it, in which they mentioned their dwelling place, where they were somewhere, and a very cold strong wind, taken from the cold sirah, and they said: Very high. Mujahid said: A very poisonous and poor woman who refused to obey as if her tank was attacked, then she disobeyed them, and they could not return it because of the harshness of the blow, or she attacked 'Ad, then they could not return it, but she destroyed it. And the word of the Almighty (سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ) This verse describes how to destroy them, and Muqatil says what is meant by " سَخَّرَهَا" is He gave it to him. to them according to his will. Verse"سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَّثَمٰنِيَةَ اَيَّامٍ This event occurred eight days and seven nights. What is meant by "الحُسُوْمُ" is the continuation of the incident. Events continue to kill and destroy them, Al Jazaj said. Ibn Duraid said: It means to eliminate them so that none of them are left. He also narrated, according to him, that day and night continued until he finished it because the wind began at sunrise on the first day and ended at sunrise at the end of the day. Scholars differ on its origin. Sunday morning's opinion mentions Wednesday. Then Wahb said: These are the days that the Arabs call the days of antiquity because the weather was very cold on those days, and the wind blew strongly. The storm began and ended on Wednesday. And verse فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيْهَا صَرْعٰى)) At that moment, the announcement died in the wind, like a date palm tree that collapsed or withered. Another opinion says, "The important thing is that what is empty is no longer a container." Because their bodies are no longer lifeless, like rickety date palms (Al-Agry, 2020).

In conclusion, researchers first saw that Imam Al-Syaukani was one of the classical music according to traditional tafsir methods and opinions; considering that his tafsir is one of the classical interpretations, the tafsir is still interpreted textually. The torture for the people of 'Ad in Sura Al-Qamar verses 18-21 took place on a Wednesday at the end of the month, and this comes from the narration of Al-Zajjaj. The torment was a strong wind that brought them off the ground, threw them over their heads, threw them by the neck, and made their heads visible from their bare bodies. This came from the mujahid.

Secondly, Al-Shaukani explains, based on Sura Al-Haqqa verses 6-7, that the torment of the people of 'Ad is a strong wind that hits their bodies. Distressed dates.

Modern Exegetical Analysis

Tafsir Al-Azhat li 'Abdul Malik Karim Amrillah or Tafsir Buya Hamka

كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِيْ وَنُذُرِ (18) اِنَّآ اَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيْحًا صَرْصَرًا فِيْ يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ مُّسْتَمِرٍّ (19) تَنْزِعُ النَّاسَ كَاَنَّهُمْ اَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ مُّنْقَعِرٍ (20).

In the tafsir of Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah or Buya Hamka on Surat al-Qamar, verses 18-20 explain:

Allah Almighty said: كَذَّبَتْ عَادٌ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِيْ وَنُذُرِ (18) Again, Allah warned man about what God did to the previous nation. A reminder to the Quraysh in Mecca of the obedience of the people of 'Ad, the people to whom Allah sent the Prophet Hud. It is noteworthy that 'Ad was one of the extinct branches of the Arabs and was located in the south of the Arabian Peninsula. The people of 'Ad denied the prophet Hud sent by God to call them to the straight and true path. But they refused (Irfanullah et al., 2023).

Allah Almighty said: اِنَّآ اَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيْحًا صَرْصَرًا فِيْ يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ مُّسْتَمِرٍّ (19)) The wind does not cease day and night, evening and morning, the duration of seven days and seven nights. Dhahak, Qatadah, and Sada said, 'Ad's torture did not stop, so they did not sleep and did not have time to rest for a week (Amrizal, 2022).

Allah said: تَنْزِعُ النَّاسَ كَاَنَّهُمْ اَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ مُّنْقَعِرٍ (20) We can imagine for ourselves how the human situation is, the earth that cannot be completely silent for a week, day or night. It is very noisy and disturbing because wherever a strong wind blows, it cannot make a fire to cook food; he cannot arrange things for storage because, in a short time, they are buried in sand and other things. In the end, they fell one by one and died (Amrizal, 2022).

Conclusion

The cause of the torment of the 'Ad people is evident from their bad behavior and arrogance. They opposed the good news of Prophet Hud, denied the verses of Allah, and lied to Allah, and they also did not worship anything other than Allah. This can be seen from several ancient interpretations, such as Imam Al-Shawkani, Imam Al-Qurtubi, and Al-Razi, as well as explaining the phenomenon of torture for the 'Ad, as mentioned in the tafsir of Imam Al-Shawkani, including Al-Zajjaj's narration that the wind occurs on a Wednesday at the end of the month. His torment was a strong, cold wind that would lift them off the ground, throw them over their heads, hurl them around their necks, and make their heads appear from their bare bodies. This came from the Mujahid. This can be seen in the era of modern tafsir, which means Buyahamka and Quraish Shihab, and finally, Zarwalddin's tafsir, which explains the phenomenon of torture for the 'Ad as mentioned by Hamka in his tafsir. The wind does not stop day and night, evening and morning; the length is seven days and seven nights. Dhihak, Qatadah, and Sada said the torture of 'Ad did not stop, so they did not have time to sleep, did not have time to rest for a week. However, it is the torment of destruction from God; the cold weather makes the skin dry because cold itself is dry cold.

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Copyright holder:

Muhammad Thoriqul Islam¹, Nurdiyanto², Luqyana Yulizar³, Nawa Marjany⁴, Safiruddin Al Baqi⁵, Khoula Azwary⁶ (2024)

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Advances in Social Humanities Research

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