Volume 2, No. 4 April 2024 p-ISSN 3032-3037| e-ISSN
3031-5786
The Effect Of Moles (Local Microorganisms) Of Banana
Peel And Fruit Peel On The Growth Of Stems, Leaves, and Roots Of Tomato Plants
Khusnul Choirunisa, Putri Silviana Aringsih, Daniar Eka Nur Fauziah,
Herwening Widya Siwi, Siti Nur Khafidhoh, Endang Setyaningsih
University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Central
Java, Indonesia
Email:
Khusnulchirunissa@gmail.com
Abstract
Local
microorganisms (MOL) are one of the means in helping the process of plant
growth made from organic materials. In this study, MOL was made from banana
peels and other fruit skins, and java sugar was added when fermented for two
weeks. Its use is carried out with four treatments: control, 1: 2, 2: 1, and 3
days. This study used quantitative data by observing the growth of tomato
plants (Solanum lycopersicum) for 21 days, which experienced significant
changes in their growth. Banana peel contains macro elements C, N, P, and K. Meanwhile,
Javanese sugar in MOL can be used by microorganisms to obtain glucose for food.
Local microorganisms have environmentally friendly properties and can help the
plant growth process by working in the soil through plant roots. Despite
these findings, the study exhibits limitations in experimental control and measurement
of other variables influencing tomato plant growth beyond MOL utilization.
Additionally, the significance of observed growth changes lacks clarity,
warranting further investigation.
Keywords: banana
peel, growth fruit peel, leaf, MOL, root, stem
Introduction
The number of people in the
world, including in Indonesia, is increasing yearly; with the increase in the
number of people, there are many positive and negative impacts. One of them is
the increasing consumption of foodstuffs, thus increasing the amount of waste
or food waste produced, both organic and inorganic waste (Aisyah et al., 2024). In Indonesia, waste is a
big problem that is difficult to solve. Many efforts have been made by the
government or the community, but the existence of waste is still a problem (Karjoko et al., 2022). Landfill reached
26,443,235.59 tons in 2021 and unmanaged waste of 40.66 tons/year, with the
largest composition of waste being organic waste, amounting to 40.2% of total
waste (Rohmadi et al., 2022).
Composting is one of the
efforts that can be made against the large amount of organic waste. According
to research by (Manullang et al., 2018), the composting process can
be accelerated by adding activators in the form of microorganisms that can
accelerate the decomposition process of organic waste. This activator can be
derived from local microorganisms (MOL). MOL is a fermented liquid that can be
easily obtained from local resources. Microorganisms (putrefactive bacteria)
can interact to help the weathering process of organic materials such as
leaves, grass, straw, very ripe fruits, remnants of twigs and branches, animal feces,
and others. The survival of these microorganisms is supported by wet and humid
environmental conditions (Kurniawan, 2018).
According to the results of
research by (Wardani et al., 2022) stated that after local
microorganisms undergo a fermentation process, they can function as decomposers
and liquid fertilizers that can increase soil fertility because they contain
nutrients that are high enough and useful for plant growth. According to the
results of research (Manullang & Sadikin, 2020), bio activators from banana
weevils and fruit waste contain bacteria Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus
sp. Strengthened by the results of research (Magnani et al., 2010), the genus Enterobacter has
the ability to produce AIA hormones that can spur plant growth. In addition,
according to the results of research (Lopez et al., 2022), Bacillus sp. bacteria can stimulate plant growth
through the production of AIA hormones, and it can be a plant disease
controller.
Based on the description of
the problem above regarding the accumulation of waste and based on previous
research, this study was carried out, which aims to overcome the problem of
organic waste from households that accumulate by processing the waste into
liquid organic fertilizer that utilizes local microorganisms or MOL. Therefore,
in this study, the application of banana peel waste, fruit peel waste, and
brown java sugar as local microorganisms (MOL) was carried out by fermentation
for 14 days so that local microorganisms (MOL) were obtained that could be
directly applied to plants. The benefits of applying liquid organic fertilizer
here are to support increased nitrogen uptake and the growth and development of
tomato plants. So, the use of local microorganisms (MOL) in the manufacture of
liquid organic fertilizer is expected to produce good tomato plants.
Research Methods
The
research methods used in this study include experimental methods, descriptive
observational, and literature studies. The study aims to test the effectiveness
of the utilization of moles or microorganisms from an organic waste of banana
peels and fruits for the growth and development of tomato plants (Lycopersium
Esculentum Mill.). The stages of research include the search for
appropriate literature, field studies with the manufacture of materials, and
data collection regarding the research that has been carried out.
The
object of study is the growth and development of tomato plants (Lycopersium et
al.) treated with liquid organic fertilizer from banana peel and fruit
waste. The research was carried out at the Biology Laboratory of the University
of Muhammadiyah Surakarta from June to October 2023. The research hypothesis
includes three statements that examine the effect of fermented fertilizer on
the growth of tomato plants. The study population was all treated tomato
plants, while the sample was 41 randomly selected tomato plants.
Data
collection is done through two methods, namely primary data through field
studies and secondary data through library studies. The tools used include
shovels, stoves, pots, etc., whereas the ingredients used are polybags, tomato
seeds, and banana and fruit peel waste. The stages of research implementation
consist of preparing, creating, applying, collecting data, and analyzing. Data
collection is carried out through literature tests and experiments by observing
plant growth and quality.
Data
analysis was carried out using univariate analysis to analyze each variable of
the research results, using scientific values and standard deviations. The
results of the experiment will be compared with the references obtained. Thus,
this research method includes various steps to test the effectiveness of the
utilization of moles or microorganisms from the organic waste of banana peels
and fruits for the growth and development of tomato plants.
Results and
Discussion
The results of the study
showed that giving MOL banana peel and fruit skin had a different influence on
each treatment. In plant height growth, number of leaves, and root length since
the beginning of administration, there are four treatments, namely control, 1:
2, 2: 1, and 3 days using tomato plants carried out for 21 days or three weeks.
The main ingredients in MOL solution consist of 3 types of components,
including: 1. Carbohydrates: rice washing water, used rice, cassava, potatoes,
and wheat. 2. Glucose: brown sugar liquid, granulated sugar liquid, coconut water/sap.
3. Source of bacteria: gold snails, fruits such as tomatoes, papaya, and animal
feces (Pawar, Saha, Nandan, & Parambil, 2021).
Plant Height
Based on the
results of observations and data on the use of MOL, graphs were obtained for
the banana peel and fruit peel, and average plant height data was obtained for four
treatments.
Table 1. Average
Height of Tomato Plants
|
*Tomato Plant Height (cm) |
|
||||
|
MOL
concentration |
Watering
frequency |
Average |
|||
|
Week 1 |
Week 2 |
Week 3 |
|||
|
Control |
15,71 |
16,85 |
19,77 |
17.44 cm |
|
|
1:2 |
13,41 |
15,28 |
19,94 |
16.21 cm |
|
|
2:1 |
15,51 |
18,3 |
20,84 |
18.21 cm |
|
|
3 Hari |
15,42 |
17,75 |
19,17 |
17,44 cm |
|
Figure 1.
Graph of Tomato
Plant Height
From figures 1.1 and 1.2, significant results were obtained
for three weeks, with the final average in the control treatment obtained 17.44
cm, 1:2 treatment obtained 16.21 cm, 2:1 treatment obtained 18.21 cm and three
days treatment obtained 17.44 cm, the same as the control. The highest average
final result is obtained from the 2 1 treatment, and this can also be caused by
the concentration of MOL Banana Peel and Fruit Skin in the treatment at 1:2
treatment only using 100 ml MOL Banana Peel and Fruit Skin so that the
concentration in the treatment is higher than 1:2 also the intensity of MOL
watering more often treatment 2:1, 1:2 compared to the 3-day treatment.
So it can be said that the effect of giving MOL Banana Peel
and Fruit Skin is caused by several factors, namely the concentration of MOL
solution, watering time, the media used, and also the dose in dredging is very
important because it will have a bad effect on growth if it is not in
accordance with plant needs. Therefore, giving MOL 24% is a good dose to meet
plant nutrient needs (Dhani et al., 2014). Moreover,
banana peels contain 15% potassium and 12% phosphorus more than fruit flesh.
The presence of potassium and phosphorus is high enough to be
used as a substitute for fertilizer. Banana peels also contain macro elements
C, N, P, and K, each of which functions to grow and develop fruit stems. Banana
peel waste also contains microelements Ca, Mg, Na, and Zn, which can function
to help plant growth grow optimally so that it impacts the maximum amount of
production. Banana peel not only contains macro and microelements, but there
are organic compounds such as water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, calcium,
phosphorus, iron, Vitamin B, and Vitamin C (Syukriani et al., 2021).
Number of leaves
Table 2. Average number of leaves of tomato plants
|
*Number of leaves of tomato plants |
||||
|
MOL
concentration |
Watering
frequency |
Average |
||
|
Week 1 |
Week 2 |
Week 3 |
||
|
Control |
14,14 |
25,42 |
32,71 |
24,09 |
|
1:2 |
14,42 |
23,14 |
30,57 |
22,71 |
|
2:1 |
15,71 |
22,71 |
29 |
22,47 |
|
3 Days |
16,87 |
20,71 |
23,28 |
20,28 |
Figure 2.
Graph of the number of leaves of tomato plants
Figures 1.3 and 1.4 show that leaf count increase for all
control treatments, 1:2, 2:1, and three days is linear. Observation of the
number of leaves is carried out to determine the real difference in the number
of leaves in each treatment. The leaves function as producers of photosynthate,
which is used for plant growth in the vegetative period and sump formation in
the generative period. The results of the observations obtained the average
number in the control treatment with a total of 24.09 leaves, 1: 2 treatment
with an average number of 22.71 leaves, 2: 1 treatment with an average result
of 22.47 leaves, and in the 3-day treatment with an average of 20.28 leaves.
From the results of this observation, the highest average
result was obtained in the control treatment because the intensity of watering
is often done so that a high number of leaves is obtained. While the treatment
every three days has a low average, this can occur because watering uses a dose
of 100 ml MOL Banana Peel and Fruit Skin so that the concentration is higher
than the control treatment and is only done for three days. This is in
accordance with the nature of liquid organic fertilizer, which is suspected
that the nutrients contained in the organic fertilizer given have not been able
to be absorbed optimally by plants because they have not decomposed properly in
the soil so that growth will be slow and the cause of the plants in this study
is the soiled textile where the study has a hard texture.
The soil used does not get organic matter, so nutrients in
the soil are not fulfilled. Environmental factors such as air, temperature,
light, and humidity do not support it. According to (Laepo, Antara, & Muis, 2022), organic matter gives a
slow response to plants because the soil in the study has low C-organic.
Length of roots
Figure 3.
Root Length Graphics
From the picture, significant results rose using four
treatments for three weeks. In the control, the root length is 5 cm; in the 1 2
treatment, the root length is 8 cm; in the 2 1 treatment, the root length is 13
cm; and the longest in the 3-day treatment is 18 cm. This root extension is
caused by many factors, namely elements that exist in the content of banana
peels and fruit skins to help the growth of root stems and leaves. One of the
essential nutrients, nitrogen, contained in banana peel, is the main nutrient
for plant growth; N is needed for the formation or growth of vegetative parts
of plants such as leaves, stems, and roots (Machrodania & Ratnasari, 2015). The growth of stems, roots, and leaves also
has many factors that influence it, both internal factors that come from within
the plant body, such as hormones and genetics. External factors can affect the
environment and affect growth, including light, nutrients, water, humidity, and
temperature (Ahmed et al., 2020).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study
demonstrates the potential of banana peel and fruit peel waste as a source of
local microorganisms (MOL) for the growth and development of tomato plants. The
results show that the application of MOL banana peel and fruit skin had a
different influence on each treatment, with the 2:1 treatment exhibiting the highest
average final result in terms of plant height and the number of leaves. The
root length also increased significantly in the 2:1 treatment. The study
highlights the importance of the concentration of MOL solution, watering time,
and the media used in the growth of tomato plants. The findings suggest that
banana peels contain abundant nutrients such as C, N, P, and K, which help in
the process of growth and development of stems, leaves, and roots. The study
also emphasizes the role of microorganisms in the soil through plant roots,
which can help the plant growth process by working in the soil. Despite the
limitations of the study, the results indicate the potential of using banana
peel and fruit peel waste as a source of MOL for the growth and development of
tomato plants, which can contribute to the reduction of organic waste and the
promotion of sustainable agriculture practices. Based on observations made with
four treatments, namely control, 1:2, 2:1, and three days. Banana peel contains
abundant nutrients such as C, N, P, and K, which help in the process of growth
and development of stems, leaves, and roots that are added to Java sugar in the
fermentation process so that plants also get glucose as food microorganisms in
the soil. The best treatment is 2:1, which is very effective for being caught
by plants.
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Copyright holder: Khusnul Choirunisa, Putri Silviana Aringsih, Daniar Eka Nur Fauziah, Herwening Widya Siwi, Siti Nur Khafidhoh, Endang Setyaningsih (2024) |
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