Advances In Social Humanities Research

Improving Construction Performances and Reducing Delay Through Lesson Learned and Project Management Office (PMO) Implementation: A Case Study of Kucing Liar Fan 7, PT. Freeport Indonesia

2026-09-11T09:07:34+00:00

The Kucing Liar Fan 7 project is an underground ventilation construction project within the Central Services Division of PT Freeport Indonesia. The problems arose not from a single cause but from the interaction of management, construction method, material availability, people and communication, equipment, and the underground working environment. This study aims to identify and evaluate the key lessons learned from the Kucing Liar Fan 7 project, determine how these lessons can be institutionalized through a Project Management Office (PMO), and develop an implementation roadmap to improve future construction performance. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a five-point Likert questionnaire distributed to 27 project stakeholders across six factors (Management, Method, Material, People, Environment, Equipment) with historical project data, interviews, observation, and two sessions of Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The questionnaire results were analysed using mean scores, Relative Importance Index (RII), Cronbach's alpha, and Pareto analysis. The analysis identified Management, Method, Material, People, and Environment as the prioritized factors, jointly accounting for 84.93% of the cumulative relative importance, with root causes concentrated in design readiness, change control, material planning, communication, and constrained underground working space. The lessons learned were translated into a Lesson Learned Register and a phased Controlling PMO implementation roadmap consisting of organizational assessment, pilot implementation, organizational integration, and continuous improvement. The proposed PMO does not replace the existing balanced-matrix structure but strengthens governance, standardization, coordination, monitoring, and knowledge management to reduce the recurrence of delays in future underground ventilation construction projects.

From Diagnosis to Intervention: The Role of Echocardiography in Guiding Management of a Giant Left Atrium in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

2026-09-11T09:08:29+00:00

Giant left atrium (GLA) is an uncommon but notable manifestation of advanced rheumatic heart disease (RHD), particularly in patients with longstanding rheumatic mitral stenosis. Extreme atrial remodeling may be associated with intracavitary blood stasis, pulmonary hypertension, and progressive right-sided cardiac involvement. A 50-year-old woman with congestive heart failure secondary to RHD presented with intermittent dyspnea, easy fatigability, and palpitations. Electrocardiography revealed atrial fibrillation (AF), and chest radiography demonstrated cardiomegaly with pulmonary vascular congestion. Echocardiography showed severe rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) with mild mitral regurgitation and a Wilkins score of 9. The left atrium was markedly enlarged, measuring 7.0 cm, with a left atrial volume index (LAVI) of 239 mL/m² and spontaneous echo contrast without identifiable thrombus. Additional findings included mild aortic regurgitation, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, mild pulmonary regurgitation, a D-shaped left ventricle during systole and diastole, isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and reduced right ventricular systolic function despite preserved left ventricular systolic function. This case demonstrated the progression of chronic rheumatic mitral obstruction from sustained left atrial pressure overload to extreme atrial remodeling, blood stasis, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular involvement. Preserved left ventricular systolic function may coexist with substantial advanced hemodynamic impairment. Mitral valve replacement with left atrial reduction and left atrial appendage occlusion was recommended. This case highlights the central role of comprehensive echocardiography in identifying the structural, hemodynamic, and thromboembolic consequences of severe rheumatic MS with GLA. Echocardiography provided essential information for individualized therapeutic decision-making.

Effectiveness Test of Bidara Leaf Ethanol Extract on Lipid Profile Changes in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2026-09-11T09:07:56+00:00

This research concluded that the declining construction performance and schedule delays in the Kucing Liar Fan 7 project, reflected by an average Project Performance Factor of 0.82 and a cost overrun of approximately 10% beyond the available contingency, resulted from the interaction of multiple factors, including design readiness, change control, material planning, communication and coordination, supervisory competency, and constrained underground working conditions. These issues were not caused by a single factor, as Management, Method, Material, People, and Environment collectively accounted for 84.93% of the prioritized relative importance among the six investigated factors. The identified lessons were documented in a Lesson Learned Register and translated into a proposed Controlling Project Management Office (PMO) implementation framework through a four-phase roadmap consisting of organizational assessment and preparation, PMO development and pilot implementation, organizational integration, and continuous improvement. The proposed PMO was designed to strengthen governance, standardization, coordination, and knowledge management without replacing the existing balanced-matrix authority structure of Project Managers and functional departments.It is recommended that PT Freeport Indonesia’s Central Services Division prioritize design readiness and constructability reviews before construction authorization, strengthen project planning beyond analogous estimation through detailed work breakdown structures and integrated risk assessments, implement earned-value-based monitoring with standardized dashboards, and formally establish the proposed PMO to improve governance, communication, and knowledge management across future underground ventilation construction projects. Future research is recommended to evaluate PMO performance following organizational implementation, compare PMO maturity levels across other underground mining projects, and examine the integration of digital project management technologies, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and predictive analytics, into project governance.

The Effect of Tourism Experience and Tourist Attractions on The Intention to Revisit Through Tourist Satisfaction (Case study: Barahima Beach, Messa, East Weda Subdistrict, and Umera Beach, Gebe Islands Subdistrict, Central Halmahera Regency)

2026-09-11T09:07:36+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the effects of tourism experience and tourist attractions on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction at Barahima Beach and Umera Beach, Central Halmahera Regency. This study employed a quantitative approach using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, documentation, and literature reviews. The research sample consisted of 147 tourists who had visited Barahima Beach and/or Umera Beach within the previous five years, selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.1.0.8 through measurement model evaluation, structural model assessment, and bootstrapping procedures to test seven research hypotheses. The results showed that tourism experience had a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction, while tourist attractions also had a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction. Tourism experience had a positive and significant effect on revisit intention, whereas tourist attractions did not have a significant direct effect on revisit intention. Tourist satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on revisit intention. Furthermore, tourist satisfaction did not significantly mediate the relationship between tourism experience and revisit intention but significantly mediated the relationship between tourist attractions and revisit intention. The findings imply that destination managers need to preserve natural attractions while improving the quality of tourism experiences, basic facilities, accessibility, information services, and local community involvement.

Evaluation of Technology Innovation Assistance Policy Implementation for MSMEs through an Evidence-Based Policy Approach

2026-09-11T09:08:13+00:00

In accelerating the digitalization of the people’s business sector, the Government of Indonesia has frequently implemented coaching and assistance policies to encourage technology-based innovation adoption among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of technology intervention implementation and formulate recommendations for improving policy direction through an evidence-based policy approach. A qualitative methodology was employed using data triangulation techniques by combining survey results from 237 beneficiary MSME actors across four regions, in-depth interviews with facilitators and program managers, and social media analytics from participants’ business accounts on Instagram and TikTok throughout one year of program implementation. All data were analyzed using thematic analysis and cross-validated with digital platform engagement patterns. The findings revealed significant progress in technology adoption, particularly in digital payment transactions and digital marketing. However, disparities in achievement among regions remained evident, as existing interventions were generally limited to initial training stages without sustained post-training mentoring. Social media analytics identified a gap between administrative reports based on achievement claims and actual engagement dynamics observed in the field, highlighting limitations in conventional monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Theoretically and practically, this study contributed a hybrid evaluation framework that integrated digital platform analytics as a policy validation instrument and proposed a staged, sustainable coaching model aligned with regional readiness levels.

The Influence of Inclusive Leadership on Knowledge Sharing Behavior: Psychological Safety as A Mediated Variable Among Cross-Generational Civil Servants at The Riau Provincial Governor's Office

2026-09-02T01:54:58+00:00

Purpose – This study aims to examine the mediating role of psychological safety in the relationship between inclusive leadership and knowledge-sharing behavior (KSB) among civil servants while exploring potential intergenerational differences between younger and senior cohorts. Method – Using a cross-sectional, quantitative explanatory design, this study collected survey data from 209 civil servants at the Regional Secretariat of Riau Province through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and PLS Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) in SmartPLS. Findings – The results indicate that inclusive leadership has a significant positive effect on psychological safety but does not have a significant direct effect on KSB. Conversely, psychological safety significantly enhances KSB and serves as a full mediator in the relationship between inclusive leadership and KSB. Furthermore, PLS-MGA reveals significant intergenerational differences: the effect of inclusive leadership on psychological safety is markedly stronger among the younger cohort. However, no significant generational differences were observed in the direct relationship between inclusive leadership and KSB. Originality/Value – This study contributes to the literature by challenging the assumption of homogeneity among public-sector personnel. By employing PLS-MGA, it reveals distinct sociopsychological sensitivities across generational cohorts within local government bureaucracy. Practical Implications – The findings demonstrate that inclusive leadership cannot independently promote knowledge-sharing behavior without first establishing a foundation of psychological safety. Consequently, local governments should formulate inclusive governance guidelines, implement leadership training focused on psychological safety, and establish intergenerational reverse-mentoring programs to reduce interpersonal anxiety among younger civil servants, thereby fostering a more collaborative bureaucratic environment.

The Effect of Learning Opportunity and Career Development on Employee Satisfaction and Intention to Stay Across Indonesia: A SEM-PLS Approach

2026-09-02T01:57:14+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effects of Learning Opportunity (X1) and Career Development Support (X2) on Job Satisfaction (Y1) and Intention to Stay (Y2) among employees in Indonesia, as well as to examine the mediating role of Job Satisfaction in these relationships. Tenure (X3) was included as a single-indicator control variable based on empirical evidence of statistically significant differences across tenure groups identified through ANOVA. Data were obtained from 168 valid respondents aged 22–40 years, representing eight major industries in Indonesia and selected through purposive sampling. The measurement instrument comprised 19 reflective indicators representing the key study constructs. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed using SmartPLS 3.0, with bootstrapping based on 5,000 subsamples used to assess statistical significance. The findings indicate that Learning Opportunity significantly affects Job Satisfaction (? = 0.636; p < 0.001) and directly influences Intention to Stay (? = 0.201; p = 0.019). Career Development Support also exerts an indirect effect on Intention to Stay through Job Satisfaction, indicating a mediating effect. Job Satisfaction significantly influences Intention to Stay (? = 0.557; p < 0.001) and serves as an important mechanism linking the independent variables to employees’ intention to remain with their organizations. The managerial implications of this study suggest that organizational investment in structured learning opportunities and career development programs can serve as an effective and measurable employee retention strategy, particularly in Indonesia’s increasingly competitive labor market.

The Effect of Fruit Ice Cream on Weight Gain in Stunted Children

2026-09-02T03:01:38+00:00

Growth problems in toddlers, particularly stunting, remain a significant nutritional concern that requires serious attention. One strategy to improve nutritional intake in children is the provision of appealing supplementary foods, such as fruit-based ice cream. Avocados contain energy and nutrients that may help support nutritional adequacy and weight gain in stunted toddlers. This study aimed to determine the effect of avocado ice cream consumption on weight gain in stunted toddlers. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental two-group design was employed, consisting of an intervention group and a control group. The study included 36 toddlers, with 18 participants assigned to the intervention group and 18 to the control group. Body weight was measured before and after the intervention. Differences in weight gain between the intervention and control groups were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test at a significance level of ? = 0.05. The mean weight gain in the intervention group was 610 g, whereas the control group experienced a mean weight gain of 205.56 g. The independent-samples t-test yielded a two-tailed p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference in weight gain between the two groups. The provision of avocado ice cream was associated with significantly greater weight gain among stunted toddlers. Therefore, avocado ice cream may serve as an appealing supplementary food option to support weight gain in toddlers with stunting.

Utilization of State-Confiscated Property from Corruption Crimes Through Lease Agreements

2026-08-26T07:39:19+00:00

State-confiscated property refers to state property derived from seized objects or items of evidence that have been declared forfeited to the state pursuant to a final and binding court decision, as well as other property declared forfeited through a judicial determination or court decision. Effective management of such assets constitutes an important aspect of state asset administration because it supports accountability and the optimization of economic value for the state. The disposal of these assets is generally carried out through public auction by the State Property and Auction Services Office (Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang [KPKNL]). However, assets that remain unsold must continue to be maintained to preserve their economic value, which may generate substantial storage, security, and maintenance costs. To address this issue, Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia No. 145/PMK.06/2021 permits the utilization of state-confiscated property through lease agreements. Under this mechanism, certain maintenance and security responsibilities may be transferred to the utilization partner, while the state retains ownership of the property and receives Non-Tax State Revenue (Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak [PNBP]). Nevertheless, legal uncertainty remains regarding the characteristics of state-confiscated property that may be leased and the legal enforceability of the resulting lease agreements. Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study examines the characteristics of state-confiscated property eligible for lease and analyzes the legal validity of such agreements. The findings are expected to provide a conceptual framework for optimizing state asset management and to support the enhancement of Non-Tax State Revenue through legally sound asset-utilization practices.

The Effect of Sharia Financial Literacy, Agreement Compliance, and Trust on the Decision to Choose Financing Products in Sharia Financial Institutions with Customer Satisfaction Media

2026-08-27T04:14:06+00:00

Islamic financial institutions face the dual challenge of maintaining Sharia compliance and increasing customer participation amid declining demand for financing products. This study aimed to examine the effects of Islamic financial literacy, contract compliance, and trust on customers’ decisions to select Islamic financing products, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. A quantitative verification research design was applied to 104 financing customers of Islamic financial institutions in Garut, Bandung, and Gresik. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25, including validity, reliability, classical assumption, correlation, coefficient of determination, multiple regression, t-tests, and F-tests. The instruments were confirmed to be valid and reliable, and the regression model met the required statistical assumptions. Islamic financial literacy, contract compliance, trust, and customer satisfaction each had positive and significant effects on financing product selection decisions (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, all variables had a significant effect (F = 15.605; p < 0.001), and the model explained 38.7% of the variance in customer decision-making. These findings indicate that customers with better financial understanding are more likely to choose Islamic financing products when contracts are transparent, institutions demonstrate credibility, and services provide satisfactory experiences. The study concluded that strengthening financial literacy programs, ensuring contract transparency, enhancing institutional trustworthiness, and improving service quality could increase customers’ decisions to select Islamic financing products

The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, and Net Profit Margin on Profit Growth (An Empirical Study of Food and Beverage Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020–2024)

2026-08-29T06:31:49+00:00

Profit growth is an important indicator for assessing a company’s financial performance and sustainability, particularly in the food and beverage sector, which plays a strategic role in the Indonesian economy. However, during the 2020–2024 period, companies in this sector experienced significant fluctuations in profit growth, reflecting challenges in maintaining financial stability amid dynamic economic conditions. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the Current Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, and Net Profit Margin on profit growth among food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia, IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. This study employed a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports of companies listed on the IDX. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined criteria, resulting in eight companies with 40 observations over the five-year research period. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, coefficient of determination analysis, and hypothesis testing through t-tests and F-tests. The results showed that the Current Ratio did not have a significant effect on profit growth, and the Debt-to-Equity Ratio also did not have a significant effect on profit growth. Meanwhile, the Net Profit Margin had a significant effect on profit growth. Simultaneously, the Current Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, and Net Profit Margin had a significant effect on profit growth. These findings indicate that a company’s ability to generate net profit from sales plays an important role in supporting profit growth among food and beverage companies.

Reorienting the Distribution of Zakat Mal from the Perspective of Maqasid Al-Shari’ah: A Case Study of the Educational Scholarship Program at CV Aththoifah in Bekasi

2026-08-31T12:03:46+00:00

Zakat mal should ideally not only be distributed to fulfill the immediate needs of mustahiq but also utilized to develop recipients’ capacity, provided that such utilization does not overlook more urgent needs. However, the use of zakat funds for educational purposes by business entities remains relatively underexplored, particularly regarding the processes of reorientation, implementation, and alignment with maqasid al-shari'ah. This study aimed to analyze the background and process of reorienting zakat mal distribution from consumptive assistance to educational scholarship programs, the implementation of the program, and its alignment with maqasid al-shari‘ah at CV Ath-Thoifah, Bekasi. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving program managers, scholarship recipients, parents or guardians, and educational institutions. The data were analyzed thematically through coding, theme development, and interpretation, while data validity was ensured through triangulation. The results showed that the reorientation was driven by religious, social, and managerial considerations and was not intended to eliminate consumptive assistance. The program was implemented through the identification and verification of prospective recipients, needs-based selection, distribution of educational assistance, and monitoring processes. The initial benefits identified included partial support for education costs, sustained access to education, and increased learning motivation and optimism reported by recipients and their parents. From the perspective of maqasid al-shari'ah, the program demonstrated potential alignment with hifz al-din, hifz al-'aql, hifz al-mal, and hifz al-nasl, with hifz al-'aql being the dimension most directly supported by the findings.

Strategies for Improving Loan Restructuring Success Based on Business Analytics and Machine Learning in Rural Bank (Case Study: PT BPR Jabar Perseroda)

2026-08-28T06:20:36+00:00

Credit restructuring remains essential to banking risk management because unsuccessful restructuring may lead to further deterioration in credit quality, particularly among rural banks with limited analytical capabilities. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with successful loan restructuring, develop a predictive model, and formulate data-driven strategies for PT BPR Jabar Perseroda. A quantitative business analytics approach was employed using the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework. Historical data consisting of 1,200 loan restructuring observations from January to December 2025 were analyzed through descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics using RapidMiner. Three classification algorithms—Random Forest, Gradient Boosted Tree, and Decision Stump—were evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The findings showed that Random Forest achieved the best predictive performance, with an accuracy of 96.67%, precision of 98.65%, and recall of 96.05%. Initial collectibility status was the factor most strongly associated with restructuring success, followed by collateral type and the number of arrears, whereas the debt-to-income ratio and economic sector showed relatively weaker relationships. These findings supported the implementation of risk-based debtor segmentation, appropriate restructuring schemes, intensive post-restructuring monitoring, and the development of an early warning system. The study concluded that the integration of business analytics and machine learning could improve loan restructuring decision-making; however, predictive results should complement rather than replace professional judgment and prudent banking governance practices.

Business Analytics for Credit Risk Management in Rural Banks Using the CRISP-DM Methodology (Case Study: PT BPR Jabar Perseroda)

2026-08-28T06:20:47+00:00

Credit risk remains a critical concern for rural banks because lending quality directly affects financial stability and institutional sustainability. Although banking databases contain valuable debtor information, credit assessments often continue to rely on administrative verification and subjective judgment. This study aimed to identify credit risk characteristics, compare the performance of Random Forest, Gradient Boosted Tree, and Random Tree algorithms, and formulate data-driven risk management strategies for PT BPR Jabar Perseroda. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed using the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework, integrating descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. The sample consisted of 1,015 debtor records selected through stratified sampling from a population of 10,150 records. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, and recall metrics, while correlation analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with credit risk status. Payment delinquency history showed the strongest relationship with risk status (r = 0.653), whereas collateral demonstrated the weakest relationship (r = -0.047). The Random Forest algorithm achieved the best predictive performance, with 99.00% accuracy, 100.00% precision, and 97.83% recall. The findings indicated that repayment behavior provided more meaningful risk information than static administrative attributes. Therefore, integrating Random Forest-based predictions with the 5C credit assessment principles could strengthen objective credit evaluation, decision-support systems, early warning mechanisms, and proactive credit risk management.

Effect of Performing Loan, Intermediation Function, and Operational Efficiency on Banking Profitability (Case Study at PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Barat & Banten, Tbk Period 2014–2024)

2026-08-28T06:20:58+00:00

Banks’ profitability reflects their ability to perform financial intermediation, manage credit risk, and control operating costs. Bank bjb’s return on assets (ROA) declined during the 2014–2024 period, highlighting the need to identify its key financial determinants. This study aimed to examine the effects of non-performing loans (NPL), loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR), and operating expenses to operating income (BOPO) on return on assets (ROA). A quantitative descriptive and explanatory research design was employed using 44 quarterly observations derived from Bank bjb’s financial statements and annual reports, along with official publications from the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Financial Services Authority. Saturated sampling was applied, and the data were analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, coefficient of determination analysis, and hypothesis testing. The findings showed that NPL, LDR, and BOPO simultaneously had a significant effect on ROA (F = 5.186; p = 0.004). Partially, NPL had a significant negative effect on ROA (B = -0.155; p = 0.034), whereas LDR had a significant positive effect on ROA (B = 0.013; p = 0.030). BOPO had a negative but statistically insignificant effect on ROA (B = -0.011; p = 0.296). The model explained 22.6% of the variation in ROA. Therefore, profitability was strongly influenced by effective credit risk management and an optimal intermediation function, supported by continuous efficiency improvements and revenue diversification strategies.

The Effect of Digital Literacy and Training Employee Performance with Learning Agility as a Mediating Variable Among Employees of PT Lestari Jaya

2026-09-02T01:58:55+00:00

This study examines the effect of digital literacy and training on employee performance, mediated by learning agility, among engineers at PT Kubayan Lestari Jaya, an Indonesian information and communication technology company. Rapid digital transformation requires technical employees to continuously upgrade both digital competence and hands-on technical skill, yet a preliminary survey revealed uneven mastery of core engineering tasks among staff and mixed evidence from prior studies regarding the role of digital literacy and training. This research tests seven hypotheses linking digital literacy, training, learning agility, and employee performance through a Resource-Based View lens. a quantitative survey was administered to 88 engineers using total sampling, and data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) using SmartPLS 4. Findings and digital literacy and training each significantly and positively affect employee performance and learning agility; learning agility significantly improves performance and partially mediates the effects of digital literacy and training on performance. Strengthening digital competence and structured, coaching-supported training, combined with deliberate development of learning agility, is recommended to sustainably improve employee performance in technology-based organizations.

Bridging the Agility Gap: A Strategic Framework for Commercial Banks to Enter the Un-Banked Lending Market

2026-09-01T09:50:52+00:00

Extending sustainable finance to Indonesia’s unbanked Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector presents a structural paradox. Traditional commercial banks possess a significant competitive advantage through access to low-cost capital, yet they are consistently disintermediated by fintech disruptors that offer faster services despite charging higher interest rates. This research investigates the root causes of this market displacement based on the theories of Information Asymmetry and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE). By integrating empirical data from a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of MSME market demands and an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) of banking executive priorities, this study identifies the specific areas where conventional banking models fail to meet market expectations. It develops a 12-cell Strategic Alignment Matrix that reveals a critical agility gap. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a paradigm shift toward an API-driven, B2B2C (Business-to-Business-to-Customer) Ecosystem Financing Model. This redesigned business process leverages open banking, smart contract automation, and closed-loop disbursement mechanisms to achieve fintech-level service speed. By systematically reducing operational costs through technology integration, banks can accommodate a realistic 4.5% Non-Performing Loan (NPL) rate while maintaining the risk tolerance required for sustainable and accelerated financial inclusion.

A Review of the Maqashid Al-Shariah Regarding the Inheritance Rights of Children Born Out of an Unregistered Interfaith Marriage (An Analysis of Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/Puu-Viii/2010)

2026-09-02T02:19:13+00:00

This study examines the inheritance rights of children born from unregistered interfaith marriages from the perspective of Maqashid al-Shariah, with particular reference to Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The study employed normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings reveal three main points. First, from a legal perspective, children born from unregistered interfaith marriages face multiple obstacles, including the absence of their parents’ marriage certificate and religious differences, which constitute barriers to inheritance under the Compilation of Islamic Law. However, the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, from Decision No. 368 K/AG/1995 to Decision No. 331 K/AG/2018, has consistently developed the concept of a mandatory bequest (wasiat wajibah) of up to one-third of the estate as a compromise mechanism. Second, an analysis based on Maqashid al-Shariah indicates that the absolute denial of children’s civil rights may conflict with the five essential objectives categorized as daruriyyat. In this context, wasiat wajibah may serve as a middle-ground solution consistent with the objectives of Islamic law because it can be understood as an extension of the biological father’s maintenance obligations rather than as the granting of inheritance rights contrary to the faraid system. Third, there remains an uneven institutional response among branches of state power. The executive has responded through the Statement of Absolute Responsibility instrument since 2016, and the judiciary has responded through Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 3 of 2023. By contrast, the legislature has not substantively followed up on Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010, as reflected in the absence of an amendment to Article 43 paragraph (1) of Law No. 16 of 2019.

The Effectiveness of Using Inaproc in the Procurement Process for Goods and Services

2026-09-02T02:15:05+00:00

The transformation of government procurement of goods and services in Indonesia increasingly relies on integrated digital platforms such as INAPROC to improve efficiency, transparency, accountability, and the quality of public services. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of INAPROC in the procurement process by evaluating dimensions of process performance, including time and cost efficiency, information accuracy, and operational ease; governance, including transparency and accountability; and user experience, including ease of use and satisfaction. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study surveys INAPROC users, including procurement officials, Commitment-Making Officials (Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen/PPK), system operators, and vendors, and complements the survey with targeted interviews to obtain deeper insights into user experiences. The analytical framework integrates the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to provide a comprehensive evaluation. The findings indicate that INAPROC is highly effective in strengthening transparency and accountability in procurement governance; however, its practical efficiency remains constrained by limitations in system quality and support services. The study is expected to identify the key factors determining INAPROC’s effectiveness and provide evidence-based recommendations for improving the quality of digital procurement services.

The Shift or Limitation of the Role of Dominus Litis in Law No. 20 of 2025 (Criminal Procedure Code) Regarding the Status and Authority of the Public Prosecutor as Dominus Litis

2026-09-02T02:13:15+00:00

The principle of dominus litis establishes the Prosecutor’s Office as the authority responsible for controlling the prosecution process in criminal cases. However, in Indonesian criminal justice practice, the role of the Public Prosecutor (Jaksa Penuntut Umum/JPU) is subject to limitations, as stipulated in Article 62 paragraph (5) of Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana/KUHAP). This normative legal research analyzes the causes and implications of the shift or limitation of the dominus litis principle and formulates directions for its legal reconstruction. Employing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study examines primary legal materials, including the 2025 KUHAP and the Law on the Prosecutor’s Office, as well as secondary legal materials such as academic literature and judicial decisions. The results indicate a reduction in the Public Prosecutor’s ability to control the completion of the investigation process before the case is formally transferred for prosecution, rather than a loss of the Public Prosecutor’s authority to determine whether the case should proceed. The findings therefore show that, although the Prosecutor’s Office retains ultimate authority over the continuation of prosecution, its capacity to ensure the completeness of the investigation before assuming control of the case has been significantly constrained.

Analysis of Road Network Connectivity and Efficiency in the SEI Kepayang Barat Subdistrict

2026-09-02T02:22:38+00:00

The road network is a crucial component of a regional transportation system, supporting population mobility, the distribution of goods and services, and interregional connectivity, particularly in rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency and connectivity of the road network in Sei Kepayang Barat District, Asahan Regency, using a transportation network index approach. The methods employed included the Detour Index to measure route efficiency, Network Density to assess network density, and the Beta Index, Alpha Index, and Gamma Index to evaluate the level of connectivity and complexity of the road network. Road network data and village administrative boundaries were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and analyzed quantitatively and comparatively across villages. The results showed that most villages had relatively good route efficiency, with Detour Index values ranging from 0.8 to 0.9, indicating that actual travel distances were close to straight-line distances. However, Sei Jawi-Jawi Village exhibited a higher Detour Index value (1.3), despite having the highest network density, confirming that network density was not always directly proportional to route efficiency. In terms of connectivity, Sei Kepayang Kiri Village and Sei Serindan Village demonstrated the most balanced network performance, with Beta Index values of 1.5, Alpha Index values of 0.37, and Gamma Index values of 0.59, whereas other villages exhibited simpler network structures with limited alternative routes. Overall, this study demonstrated that route efficiency, network density, and connectivity were interrelated dimensions but did not always develop linearly. Therefore, rural road network development should emphasize improving connectivity in addition to increasing road network length.

Indonesia’s Immigration Policy in NTT Regarding the Handling of Undocumented East Timorese Immigrants at The Indonesia-East Timor Border, 2019–2024

2026-09-02T02:58:29+00:00

This study analyzed Indonesia’s immigration policies and the challenges in managing undocumented East Timorese nationals at the Indonesia–East Timor border between 2019 and 2024. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research utilized primary data obtained through observations and interviews at three border crossing points—Motaain, Motamasin, and Wini—as well as secondary data from official reports and statistical sources. The findings identified four main challenges: socio-historical factors rooted in cross-border kinship ties, Timor-Leste’s economic dependence on Indonesian goods, the Timor-Leste government’s suspension of Cross-Border Passes, and sectoral interests among border management agencies, including the TNI and POLRI. The study demonstrated that these challenges were interconnected, creating a cycle of vulnerability that weakened the effectiveness of immigration enforcement. The geographical proximity and enduring kinship networks between communities also provided opportunities for bilateral cooperation in socio-cultural, economic, political, and educational fields. This study contributed a novel multi-administration perspective on policy development and provided practical insights for integrated and community-sensitive border governance.

Temporal Transformation of Urban Space in A Heritage Corridor: A Case Study of Gg. Waroeng, Semarang

2026-09-02T03:00:26+00:00

his study aimed to analyze the efficiency and connectivity of the road network in Sei Kepayang Barat District, Asahan Regency, using a transportation network index approach. The methods employed included the Detour Index to measure route efficiency, Network Density to assess network density, and the Beta Index, Alpha Index, and Gamma Index to evaluate the level of connectivity and complexity of the road network. Road network data and village administrative boundaries were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and analyzed quantitatively and comparatively across villages. The results showed that most villages had relatively good route efficiency, with Detour Index values ranging from 0.8 to 0.9, indicating that actual travel distances were close to straight-line distances. However, Sei Jawi-Jawi Village exhibited a higher Detour Index value (1.3), despite having the highest network density, confirming that network density was not always directly proportional to route efficiency. In terms of connectivity, Sei Kepayang Kiri Village and Sei Serindan Village demonstrated the most balanced network performance, with Beta Index values of 1.5, Alpha Index values of 0.37, and Gamma Index values of 0.59, whereas other villages exhibited simpler network structures with limited alternative routes. Overall, this study demonstrated that route efficiency, network density, and connectivity were interrelated dimensions but did not always develop linearly. Therefore, rural road network development should emphasize improving connectivity in addition to increasing overall road network length.

The Effects of Transformational Leadership, Motivation, Competence, and Commitment on Innovation Capability and Their Implications for the Performance of Civil Servants (A Study of the West Java Provincial Department of Industry and Trade)

2026-09-02T02:01:37+00:00

This study examined the effects of transformational leadership, work motivation, competence, and commitment on innovation capability and their implications for the performance of civil servants (Aparatur Sipil Negara [ASN]) at the Department of Industry and Trade (Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan [Disperindag]) of West Java Province. The study was conducted based on preliminary findings indicating that employee performance, innovation capability, transformational leadership, motivation, competence, and commitment were categorized as relatively good but had not yet reached optimal levels. A quantitative approach using descriptive and verificative methods was applied. The study employed a saturated sampling technique involving all 350 ASN employees at Disperindag West Java. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL 8.80. The results indicated that transformational leadership, work motivation, competence, and commitment simultaneously and partially had significant positive effects on innovation capability, accounting for 77.63% of its variance. Furthermore, innovation capability had a significant positive effect on employee performance, explaining 83.41% of the variance. Among the examined factors, transformational leadership had the strongest influence on innovation capability (22.90%), followed by competence (19.78%), motivation (18.37%), and commitment (16.58%). Innovation capability functioned as a key mediating variable connecting the four antecedent factors with employee performance. The structural model demonstrated good fit criteria, confirming its theoretical adequacy. These findings highlighted the importance of an integrated human resource strategy to strengthen leadership, motivation, competence, and commitment in improving innovation capability and ASN performance.

Revitalizing Corporate Customer Loyalty Through the Integration of RFM Analysis and Ethnography: Data-Based Retention Strategies at Pt Indonesia Comnets Plus (ICON+) for the Period 2024–2025

2026-09-02T02:03:17+00:00

This study examined the decline in customer attachment to PT Indonesia Comnets Plus (ICON+), a telecommunications subsidiary of PLN, by integrating Recency-Frequency-Monetary (RFM) analysis and ethnographic segmentation with transaction data and corporate customer deactivation records from 2024 and 2025. Using SPSS-based RFM scoring of 518 customers in 2024 and 482 customers in 2025, along with ethnographic coding of 1,761 transaction records involving 940 unique accounts, the study found that although the active customer base decreased by 7.0%, the total transaction value declined substantially from approximately IDR 47.2 billion to IDR 5.7 billion. Furthermore, 17 of the 60 retained customers (28.3%) experienced an average decrease of 2.24 points in their RFM scores, equivalent to the impact of negative transactions amounting to approximately IDR 2.8 billion. The ethnographic analysis identified two structural customer segments: Industrial/National Account customers (44.4%) and Regional/SME customers (55.6%), with customer churn primarily driven by administrative cycles (41.3%) and budget sensitivity (31.1%). Five priority accounts with significant declines in Recency scores (from 3 to 1) were analyzed in depth to formulate an Online Value Proposition (Smart Continuity Partner Portal), four SMART tactics, and operational work programs mapped within the 8Ps service marketing framework. The study concluded that the integration of quantitative RFM segmentation and qualitative ethnographic pain point analysis provided a stronger foundation for corporate customer retention strategies than the application of either method independently.

Development and Psychometric Testing of the Analysis Paralysis Syndrome Scale Among Students

2026-09-02T02:05:07+00:00

Analysis Paralysis Syndrome (APS) is a psychological condition characterized by excessive analysis that may hinder individuals from making decisions and taking action. To date, no psychometric instrument has been specifically developed to measure Analysis Paralysis Syndrome among university students in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an Analysis Paralysis Syndrome Scale for university students. A quantitative approach using an instrument development design was employed. The study sample consisted of 400 university students aged 17–30 years who were selected through purposive sampling. The instrument was developed based on six dimensions: overanalysis, decision delay, excessive information seeking, fear of making incorrect decisions, cognitive overload, and action inhibition, comprising 18 items measured using a four-point Likert scale. Data analysis included content validity assessment through expert judgment, item discrimination analysis, reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha, and construct validity testing using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with IBM SPSS Statistics and IBM SPSS AMOS software. The results indicated that all indicators had standardized factor loadings of ? 0.50 and were statistically significant (p < 0.05), demonstrating that they adequately represented the Analysis Paralysis Syndrome construct. The instrument showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s Alpha values ? 0.70, and fulfilled construct reliability requirements, with Construct Reliability (CR) values ? 0.70 and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values ? 0.50. The Goodness-of-Fit analysis confirmed that the measurement model met acceptable criteria; therefore, the instrument was considered valid and reliable for measuring Analysis Paralysis Syndrome among university students. The developed scale can be used as an assessment and research instrument to identify tendencies toward analysis paralysis within the university student population.

Hospital Expansion Agility: Orchestrating Structural Capabilities and Utility Scalability Through Strategic Growth Planning

2026-09-05T06:40:35+00:00

The shifting paradigm in healthcare services demands that hospitals move beyond a sole focus on construction efficiency, requiring instead agile physical and managerial infrastructures to navigate uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the impact of Structural Retrofitting Capability and Scalable Utility Design on Long-Term Expansion Agility, with Strategic Future Growth Planning serving as a mediating variable within a large-scale private hospital network in Indonesia. An explanatory quantitative method was applied using a census technique targeting 51 expert respondents from project and facility management, analyzed via the Three-Box Method and SEM-AMOS. Descriptive results reveal a behavioral asymmetry: managerial cognition falls into the High category, whereas physical building assets fall into the Medium category. Inferentially, the two physical infrastructure variables along with the strategic planning mediator exert a significant simultaneous effect on Expansion Agility with an value of 35.6%. Partially, Structural Retrofitting Capability exhibits a positive and significant direct effect on Expansion Agility. Conversely, Scalable Utility Design shows no direct effect; instead, its relationship with Expansion Agility is fully mediated by Strategic Future Growth Planning. It is concluded that structural building robustness independently and directly boosts physical hospital agility during expansion, whereas utility sophistication absolutely requires orchestration from a strategic planning vision to be successfully converted into a long-term business maneuvering advantage.